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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: eGastroenterology. 2023 Aug 18;1(1):e100013. doi: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100013

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Host and microbial ethanol metabolism and its possible contribution to microbial-related changes during ABD. Acetaldehyde and acetate produced by the host may impact directly or indirectly small gut bacterial overgrowth, microbial translocation and changes in the faecal microbiota. Microbe metabolising ethanol to acetaldehyde may contribute to acetaldehyde accumulation in the gut, but more rigorous studies are required to confirm this notion. Also, colonic bacteria producing acetate could impact gut acetate levels. ABD, alcohol-associated bowel disease; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern.