Table 1.

Anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies whose efficacy in AD patients has been evaluated in phase II and/or phase III clinical trials. The antibodies target different Aβ epitopes and bound different conformations of Aβ

Antibody	IgG Subclass	Aβ Sequence Targeted	Aβ Conformation Specificity	Highest Trial Phase Completed
Bapineuzumab	IgG1 (humanized mouse mAb 3D6)	Aβ1-5	Monomers, oligomers, fibrils	III
Solanezumab	IgG1 (humanized mouse mAb m266)	Aβ16-26	Monomers	III
Ponezumab	IgG2 (humanized; similar to mouse mAB 2H6)	Aβ33-40	Monomers	II
Crenezumab	IgG4 (humanized)	Aβ13-24	Monomers, oligomers, fibrils	III
Gantenerumab	Human IgG1	Aβ2–11 and Aβ18–27	Oligomers, fibrils	IIIa
Aducanumab	Human IgG1	Aβ3-7	Oligomers, fibrils	IIIb
Lecanemab	IgG1 (humanized mouse mAb158)	Aβ1-16	Oligomers, protofibrilsd, fibrils	IIIc
Donanemab	humanized IgG1 (developed from mouse IgG2a mE8)	Aβp3-42	Fibrils	IIIe

^aGantenerumab phase III and phase III trials were terminated based on futility analysis; both were continued as open-label extensions. A phase III secondary prevention trial, SKYLINE, is in progress. ^bAducanumab’s phase IIIb open-label study EMBARK, for previous Aducanumab trial participants, is in progress; phase IV confirmatory trial ENVISION is planned. ^eLecanemab’s phase III trial AHEAD 3-45 is in progress. ^dLecanemab’s binding to Aβ oligomers and protofibrils is approximately 10–15 fold greater than its binding to Aβ fibrils [35]. ^eDonanemab’s phase III trial TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 has been completed. Phase III trials TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 3, TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 4, and TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 5 are in progress. Table includes information (used with permission) from Dong et al., Int J Mol Sci, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute [200] and Tian Hui Kwan et al., Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, S Karger AG, Basel [201].