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. 2023 Jun 4;35(9):3236–3259. doi: 10.1093/plcell/koad157

Table 1.

Summary of Chlamydomonas pyrenoid–specific proteins whose localization has been confirmed.

Protein name Gene ID Subpyrenoid localization Localization reference Reported or predicted functions
ABCF6 Cre06.g271850 Matrix Lau et al. (2023) Predicted ATP-binding cassette family F like protein
CPLD2 Cre03.g206550 Matrix Wang et al. (2022) Homolog of the Arabidopsis XuBP phosphatase CbbY (At3g48420)
EPYC1/
LCI5
Cre10.g436550 Matrix Mackinder et al. (2016) Rubisco linker, phase-separates with Rubisco to form the pyrenoid matrix
HDA5 Cre06.g290400 Matrix Wang et al. (2022) Predicted histone deacetylase
rbcL CreCp.g802313 Matrix Holdsworth (1971); Mackinder et al. (2017) Large and small subunits of the Rubisco holoenzyme, which fixes CO2 and produces 3-PG and 2-PG
RBCS1 Cre02.g120100
RBCS2 Cre02.g120150
RCA1 Cre04.g229300 Matrix Vladimirova et al. (1982); Lacoste-Royal (1987); McKay et al. (1991); Mackinder et al. (2017) Rubisco activase
STR16 Cre13.g573250 Matrix Wang et al. (2022); Lau et al. (2023) Predicted thiosulfate sulfurtransferase containing a rhodanese domain
STR18 Cre16.g663150 Matrix Wang et al. (2022); Lau et al. (2023) Predicted thiosulfate sulfurtransferase containing a rhodanese domain
Cre16.g648400 Matrix Wang et al. (2022)
Cre02.g143635 Matrix Wang et al. (2022)
CAH3 Cre09.g415700 Tubules Sinetova et al. (2012) Alpha-type carbonic anhydrase
CAS1 Cre12.g497300 Tubules Wang et al. (2016) Calcium-mediated regulator of the expression of some CCM-related genes
CYN7 Cre12.g544150 Tubules Wang et al. (2022) Predicted peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase
CYN20-6 Cre12.g544114 Tubules Wang et al. (2022) Predicted peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase
DEG8 Cre01.g028350 Tubules Wang et al. (2022) Predicted DegP-type protease, Arabidopsis homolog is involved in the degradation of photodamaged PSII reaction center protein D1
HCF136 Cre06. g273700 Tubules Wang et al. (2022) PS II stability/assembly factor HCF136
PSAH Cre07. g330250 Tubules Mackinder et al. (2017) PSI subunit
PSBP1 Cre12.g550850 Tubules Wang et al. (2022) Predicted oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 of PS II
RBMP1 Cre06. g261750 Tubules Meyer et al. (2020b) Proposed to mediate pyrenoid matrix connection to tubules
TEF14 Cre06.g256250 Tubules Wang et al. (2022) Predicted thylakoid-luminal protein, no labeled domains
- Cre03.g172700 Tubules Lau et al. (2023) Protein with multiple predicted Rubisco-binding motifs
CGLD14 Cre10.g446350 Pyrenoid center (reticulated region) Wang et al. (2022) PSBP domain-containing protein 3, conserved in the green lineage and diatoms
PNU1 Cre03.g183550 Pyrenoid center (reticulated region) Wang et al. (2022) PROTEIN F23H11.5, has a bifunctional nuclease domain
RBMP2 Cre09.g416850 Tubules (reticulated region) Meyer et al. (2020b) Proposed to mediate pyrenoid matrix connection to tubules
PSBP4 Cre08.g362900 Thylakoid lumen puncta Mackinder et al. (2017) Luminal PsbP-like protein, Arabidopsis homolog is essential for PS I assembly and function
SAGA1 Cre11.g467712 Puncta surrounding the matrix Itakura et al. (2019); Meyer et al. (2020b) Proposed to mediate adherence of the starch sheath to the matrix
SAGA2 Cre09.g394621 Interface between matrix and starch sheath Meyer et al. (2020b) Proposed to mediate adherence of the starch sheath to the matrix
SMC7 Cre17.g720450 Puncta surrounding the matrix Lau et al. (2023) Proposed to have a similar function as SAGA1
SBE3 Cre10.g444700 Starch sheath Mackinder et al. (2017) Conserved starch-branching enzyme
STA2 Cre17.g721500 Starch sheath Mackinder et al. (2017) Granule-bound starch synthase involved in amylose biosynthesis and the biosynthesis of long chains in amylopectin
Cre09.g394547 Starch sheath Wang et al. (2022) Predicted cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase/cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
Cre09.g415600 Starch sheath Wang et al. (2022) Predicted glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase/Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase; has a starch-binding domain
LCI9 Cre09.g394473 Gaps between starch plates Mackinder et al. (2017) Contains 2 starch-binding domains; may help ensure a close fit for adjacent starch plates
LCIB Cre10.g452800 Gaps between starch plates and tubules (very low CO2) Yamano et al. (2010); Wang and Spalding (2014b); Mackinder et al. (2017) Beta-type carbonic anhydrase
LCIC Cre06.g307500 Gaps between starch plates and tubules (very low CO2) Yamano et al. (2010); Mackinder et al. (2017) Beta-type carbonic anhydrase
Cre09.g394510 Starch-matrix interface and gaps between starch plates ④⑦⑧ Lau et al. (2023) Contains a CBM20 starch-binding domain and a t-SNARE domain; proposed to be involved in membrane remodeling of the pyrenoid tubules; could be involved in membrane remodeling of the pyrenoid tubules
MDH1 Cre03.g194850 Pyrenoid periphery Wang et al. (2022) Malate dehydrogenase
MIND1 Cre12.g522950 Pyrenoid periphery Wang et al. (2022) Homolog of the Arabidopsis chloroplast division site regulator MinD1

The circled numbers indicating the subpyrenoid localizations are coordinated with the circled numbers in Fig. 1C.