Table 2.

Codes for code-switching (CS) types with definitions and examples.

Type [Code]	Definition	Example from Spanish narrative	Example from English narrative
Between-utterance CS
CS:inter	Child's whole utterance is in the nontarget language	There was something in there.	Y la niño pensó agarró el rana.
Within-utterance CS
Alternation [CS:alt]	Utterance starts in one language and switches to the other; switch is more than just one word; occurs at a natural grammatical boundary	Rana salta into the basket.	The boy is feliz porque ya encontró a una rana.
Congruent lexicalization [CS:dense]	Several (at least 3) back-and-forth switches between languages, such that it is difficult to define one language as the “matrix”; may include function words in both languages; may cross grammatical boundaries; may include calque translations and morphological integration of switched words	Entonces dijo sal de my comida heard the frog.	La frog down y la boy and the frog.
Insertion [CS:ins]	Inserts single lexical item from nontarget language; clear matrix language	Después la rana se metió a la basket del picnic.	And frog is triste.
Reverse insertion [CS:insrev]	Inserts single lexical item from target language into an utterance otherwise in nontarget language	Frog on the cabeza.	Y después el frog estaba en un rock.

Note. There was originally an “other” category for instances the research assistant did not know how to code. Review by the first author determined that these instances would fall under “congruent lexicalization.”