Table 7.
Types of reverse insertions produced by children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and children with typical language development (TLD).
| Type of reverse insertion | Spanish insertions in mostly English utterances during Spanish narratives |
English insertions in mostly Spanish utterances during English narratives |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLD (n = 33) |
TLD (n = 33) |
DLD (n = 31) |
TLD (n = 29) |
|||||
| Instances | Children | Instances | Children | Instances | Children | Instances | Children | |
| Nouns | 0.14 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.62 (8) | 4 | 0.80 (4) | 2 |
| Pronoun | 0.29 (2) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Conjunction | 0.14 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Determiner | 0.14 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Preposition | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Verb | 0.14 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Progressive verb | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Adjective | 0.14 (1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 (1) | 1 | 0.20 (1) | 1 |
| Total | 7 | 5 a | 0 | 0 a | 13 | 6 a | 5 | 3 a |
Note. This table shows both the proportion (out of total reverse insertions) and count of instances of reverse insertions of each grammatical category per group, as well as the number of children per group who exhibited each type of insertion. Examples of each type of reverse insertion can be found in the Supplemental Material S3.
a
These totals reflect the number of children in each group who engaged in any type of reverse insertion. It is not equivalent to the sum of the column above, as some children may exhibit reverse insertions of multiple types.