Table 4.

Quantitative results of extracting rice deficiency disorder regions using DL segmentation (module 1)

Models	Dice loss	Dice coefficient	Precision	Recall
UNet	0.0866	0.9134	0.9702	0.9673
XNet	0.0373	0.9627	0.9587	0.9717
SegNet	0.4034	0.5966	0.9913	0.4535
Modified UNet	0.0820	0.9180	0.9747	0.9697
Modified XNet	0.0363	0.9638	0.9490	0.9829
Modified SegNet	0.8636	0.1364	0.0769	0.7905