Table 2. Estimate of the total implementation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay on 2-year mortality (crude and adjusted for biases using causal inference methods) and the indirect effect when including initiation of treatment for rifampicin resistant tuberculosis as a mediator.

Estimate	OR	95% CI
Total effect estimated by causal inference methods	0.72	0.53–0.99
Natural indirect effect (NIE)	0.90	0.85–0.96