Table 1.
SED assessments in representative online datasets
| Dataset | Type of information provided | Direct SED measure | Indirect SED measures | Data origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) http://adni.loni.usc.edu |
Clinical, genetic, neuroimaging, biospecimen | NAI | Demographics: age, education, gender, race, ethnicity, occupation, type of residence | USA, Canada |
| National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) database https://naccdata.org |
Clinical, neuropathology, neuroimaging, fluid biomarker, genotypic and genomic data | NAI | Demographics: age, education, sex, race, ethnicity, type of residence, living situation, postcode | USA |
| Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (RADC) datasets https://www.radc.rush.edu |
Clinical, neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers, health and lifestyle factors, genetics, economics, medical history, sleep | SES: income, income (age 40), parental education level (maternal education, paternal education), subjective SES | Demographics: age, education, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status Income, income (age 40). Cognitive resources | USA |
| Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) https://aibl.csiro.au |
Clinical, neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers, health and lifestyle factors | NAI | NAI | Australia |
| Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) https://www.ppmi-info.org |
Clinical, physical and neurological examination Neuroimaging, biomarkers, genetic data |
NAI | Demographics: age, education, gender, race, ethnicity | USA, Canada, Spain, Luxembourg, Greece, Austria, Germany, UK, Netherlands, Italy, Israel, Nigeria |
| Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) http://www.cam-can.org |
Clinical, neuroimaging physiological measures | NAI | Demographics: age, education, gender, ethnicity, marital status, accommodation, employment, income, birthplace, and English language history | UK |
| National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) https://www.niagads.org |
Genetic data | NAI | NAI | USA |
| UK Biobank https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk |
Clinical, neuroimaging, biomarkers, early life and reproductive factors, genetic data, lifestyle, geographical measures | Index of multiple deprivation: access to service; community safe, crime, education, health, housing, income, living and physical environment scores. | Demographics: age, education, sex, ethnicity. Employment, employment history. Household (gas, heating, n people, own or rent, vehicles). Type of residence. Private healthcare. Geographical measures: greenspace and coastal proximity. Home locations. Residential air and noise pollution | UK |
| Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) http://enigma.ini.usc.edu |
Medical, genetic, neuroimaging data | NAI | NAI | NAI |
| Human Connectome Project (HCP) https://www.humanconnectome.org |
Clinical, lifestyle data, neuroimaging | NAI | Demographics: age, sex | USA |
See Supplementary Table 1 for further details. NAI = non-available information; SED = socioeconomic disparities; SES = socioeconomic status.