Figure 6.

BOLD response for reward prediction error and expected value per impulse control disorder group. (A) Medication induced a shift towards greater expected value (EV)-related signal on gain versus loss trials in impulse control disorder (ICD) patients versus non-ICD patients. Here the whole-brain analysis is depicted; see Supplementary material for region of interest (ROI). (B) Beta-values from the frontal cluster in A. (C) Brain behaviour correlation; increased activity in the whole-brain ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) cluster correlated with increased accuracy during gain trials compared with loss trials across groups. (D) Striatal clusters of the reward prediction error (RPE) ROI by Chase et al.²⁰ (E) Beta values from the ROI, for the prediction error signal during gain minus loss trials. (F) Brain behaviour correlation; increased activity in the RPE ROI did not correlate with task-accuracy.