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. 2023 Aug 15;14(8):1234–1248. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i8.1234

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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Effect of Icariin on high glucose treatment. A: Immunofluorescence analysis of vimentin/α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in primary rat kidney (PRKs). Blue denotes 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, green denotes vimentin expression, and red denotes α-SMA expression; B: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis of the effect of high glucose (HG) treatment on the expression of miR-151-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-497-5p, miR-101a-3p, miR-741-3p, miR-503, and miR-671; C: RT-qPCR analysis of the effect of HG treatment on the expression of Caspase 12, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78); D: Western blot analysis of the effect of HG treatment on the protein levels of Caspase 12, CHOP, and GRP78; E: RT-qPCR analysis of the effect of Icariin (ICA) treatment on HG treatment of miR-503 expression; F: RT-qPCR analysis of the effect of ICA treatment on HG-induced expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors Caspase 12, CHOP, and GRP78 expression; G: Western blot analysis of the effect of ICA treatment on HG-induced protein levels of Caspase 12, CHOP, and GRP78; H: Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) analysis of the effect of ICA treatment on HG-induced cell viability of PRKs; I: flow cytometry analysis of the effect of ICA treatment on HG-induced apoptosis of PRKs; J: CCK8 analysis of the effect of low, medium, and high doses of ICA on cell viability of PRKs. ^aP < 0.05 vs the control group; ^bP < 0.05 vs the HG group. DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; α-SMA: α-smooth muscle actin; HG: High glucose; miR: MicroRNA; CHOP: C/EBP-homologous protein; GRP78: Glucose regulated protein 78; ICA: Icariin; L: Low; M: Medium; H: High; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: Propidium iodide.