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. 2023 Sep 1;13:14367. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41564-w

Table 4.

Comparison of LOR features by recommender gender while controlling for applicant gender.

Category Recommender %Diff p-value
Female Male
All Applicants
Applications 991 2398
Length (chars) 2312 2190 5% 0.0017
Positivity 1.3986 1.3161 6% 0.0068
Specificity 1.6418 1.5505 6% 0.0051
e-Anger 0.0604 0.0614 -2% 0.0459
e-Fear 0.1000 0.1021 -2% 0.0042
e-Joy 0.4506 0.4448 1% 0.0043
e-Sadness 0.2404 0.2433 -1% 0.0200
t-Excited 0.1398 0.1299 7% 0.0006
t-Sad 0.1364 0.1492 -1% <10-4
Sentiment 0.7591 0.7375 3% <10-4
Female Applicants
Applications 447 825
Length (chars) 2402 2222 8% 0.0027
Positivity 1.5257 1.4024 8% 0.0095
Specificity 1.7494 1.6097 8% 0.0051
e-Anger 0.0591 0.0610 -3% 0.0184
t-Excited 0.1411 0.1286 9% 0.0070
t-Sad 0.1420 0.1515 -7% 0.0120
Male applicants
Applications 542 1561
e-Fear 0.1002 0.1023 -2% 0.0339
e-Joy 0.4501 0.4440 1% 0.0228
t-Excited 0.1388 0.1307 6% 0.0325
t-Sad 0.1317 0.1477 -12% <10-4
Sentiment 0.7656 0.7372 4% <10-4