Table 5.

LOR feature comparison between applicants from the United States (US), China (CH), and India (IN).

Features	Group Mean			p-value
	US	CH	IN	ANOVA	Bartlett’s	Tukey HSD test
						US vs CH	US vs IN	CH vs IN
	All applicants
Length (chars)	2163	2456	2715	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0010	0.0010	0.0075
Positivity	1.3105	1.5144	1.5817	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0010	0.0010	0.5979
Specificity	1.5288	1.8298	1.7908	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0010	0.0010	0.8487
e-Disgust	0.0394	0.0395	0.0342	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.9000	0.0010	0.0010
e-Fear	0.1027	0.1000	0.0936	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0023	0.0010	0.0010
e-Joy	0.4402	0.4511	0.4840	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0010	0.0010	0.0010
e-Sadness	0.2445	0.2426	0.2254	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.3439	0.0010	0.0010
t-Excited	0.1306	0.1317	0.1548	0.0004	0.0183	0.9000	0.0010	0.0012
t-Impolite	0.0170	0.0116	0.0155	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0010	0.2235	0.0010
t-Polite	0.3183	0.3244	0.2914	0.0105	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.4504	0.0252	0.0073
Sentiment	0.7377	0.7417	0.7935	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.7607	0.0010	0.0010
	Female applicants
Length (chars)	2241	2519	2419	0.0001	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0001	0.3248	0.7322
Specificity	1.6332	1.8339	1.7031	0.0023	0.0003	0.0015	0.7996	0.5068
e-Disgust	0.0395	0.0393	0.0356	0.0374	0.0059	0.9854	0.0283	0.0545
e-Fear	0.1019	0.1006	0.0913	0.0002	0.0002	0.6058	0.0001	0.0019
e-Joy	0.4446	0.4489	0.4881	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0003	0.4615	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$
e-Sadness	0.2458	0.2404	0.2276	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0033	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0019
t-Excited	0.1330	0.1263	0.1605	0.0052	0.0361	0.3939	0.0144	0.0034
t-Sympathetic	0.0784	0.0969	0.0931	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0039	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0056	0.7318
Sentiment	0.7429	0.7310	0.7953	0.0061	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.4460	0.0147	0.0040
	Male applicants
Length (chars)	2119	2423	2928	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$
Positivity	1.2420	1.4738	1.6517	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.1238
Specificity	1.4688	1.8272	1.8539	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0001	0.9598
e-Disgust	0.0393	0.0396	0.0332	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.8527	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$
e-Fear	0.1032	0.0997	0.0952	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0023	0.0008	0.1234
e-Joy	0.4379	0.4524	0.4810	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0001	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$
e-Sadness	0.2458	0.2404	0.2276	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0033	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.0019
t-Impolite	0.0168	0.0118	0.0154	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.4013	0.0084
t-Polite	0.3244	0.3336	0.2923	0.0117	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.3027	0.0435	0.0094
t-Sad	0.1455	0.1334	0.1526	0.0005	0.0124	0.0009	0.5732	0.0277
Sentiment	0.7352	0.7474	0.7922	0.0007	$<{10}^{-4}$	0.2290	0.0009	0.0194

Statistically different features (Column 1) across applicant groups from three countries with a 95% confidence interval for the statistical tests. The p-values from the ANOVA and Barlett’s tests indicate if the three group means are statistically different. We infer the distinctive features in each group from the p-values of the Tukey HSD test (last three columns)