Table 3.

Inclusion criteria screening tool.

	Include	Exclude
Population	F07FChronic pain	F07FAcute pain defined <6 months duration. F07FAnimal studies
Intervention	F07F Sham control- defined as any device/intervention intended as a sham control. This could include. o device, o machine, o appliance, o implant o intervention	F07Fpharmacological agent F07Fsurgical apparatus
Comparator	F07FAny or none	F07Fn/a
Outcomes	F07F outcome terms that inform the conduct of sham-controlled trials these may include: o Evaluation, o issue, o design, o consideration, o problem, o conduct.	F07FIn the opinion of the reviewer the description of sham control would not inform the conduct/design of future research.
Study design	F07FAll study types	F07FStudies only available in the abstract form were excluded due to insufficient detail to inform narrative review.
Language	F07FEnglish	F07FNon-English
Overall decision	F07FINCLUDED	F07FEXCLUDED