Fig. 4.

The ChP capillaries-epithelium complex cultured and the level of factors from the complex in each condition. a Confocal microscopy image (right, scale bar: 200 μm) of nuclei (blue), αSMA (green), CD31 (red), and FoxJ1 (grey) when the ChP capillaries-epithelium complex was cultured in the engineered ECM under the dynamic flow with the described assembly in the ChP-on-a-chip (left). b Quantification of calcium, glucose, and protein concentrations in the serum-free media extracted in static and dynamic culture conditions, respectively (n = 3 for control in glucose and n = 4 for other conditions, respectively, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001and ****p < 0.0001 by student t-test). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)