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. 2023 Aug 19;9(9):e19041. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19041

Table 1.

Soil physical properties by cropping systems and depths.


BD (%)

Clay (%)

Sand (%)

Silt (%)

VWC (%)


Depth (cm)

Depth (cm)

Depth (cm)

Depth (cm)

Depth (cm)

CS 0–30 30–60 Overall 0–30 30–60 Overall 0–30 30–60 Overall 0–30 30–60 Overall 0–30 30–60 Overall
MxC 1.13 1.16 1.14 27.8 28.4 28.1 45.9 45.1 45.5 26.3 26.5 26.4 38.5 45.9 42.2
MnC 1.12 1.14 1.13 31.1 31.7 31.4 43.1 42.4 42.8 25.8 25.9 25.8 35.7 40.9 38.3

CS = cropping system; MxC = mixed cropping; MnC = monocropping; BD = Bulk density; VWC = Volumetric water content.