Table 3.

Performances of different DZN sensors in real samples.

Electrode Material	Technique	Linearity	LOD	Sample	Reference
Nano-MIP-CPE	CV & SWV	1.2.5 × 10−9 to 1 × 10−7 M 2.1 × 10−7 to 2 × 10−6 M	0.79 nM	Well water and apple fruit	[115]
MIP-MWCNTs-CPE	SWV	5 × 10−10 to 1 × 10−6 M	0.13 nM	Human urine,tap, and river water	[87]
TiO2NPs/MWCNTs/GCE	CV &SWV	11–8360 nM	3 nM	City piped water and agricultural well water	[119]
NMO/GQDs/CS/GCEox	DPV	0.1–330 μM	27 nM	Cucumber, tomato	[126]
CNT/CPE	CV & DPV	1 × 10−10 to 6 × 10−8 M	0.45 nM	Fruits and Vegetables	[125]
Au–Pd/rGO–MWCNTs/GCE	SWASV	0.009–11.3 μM	2 nM	Water, apple and cucumber samples	[141]
AgNPs/fCNT/PGE	Amperometry	0.1–20 μM	0.35 μM	Tap water, orange juice, and apple fruit	[101]

MIP:Molecularly Imprinted Electrode;CPE:Carbon Paste Electrode;MWCNTs:Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes;NMO:Nickel Molybdate;CS:Chitosan;GQDs:Graphene Quantum Dots;GCEox:Oxidized Glassy Carbon Electrode;CNT:Carbon Nanotube;SWV:Square Wave Voltammetry;CV:Cyclic voltammetry;DPV:Differential Pulse Voltammetry;SWASV:Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry;AgNPs: Silver Nanoparticles;fCNT: Functionalized Carbon Nanotube;PGE: Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode.