Table 5.

Activity summary of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for detecting MP.

Electrode Materials	Technique Used	Sensitivity	Linearity	LOD	Sample	Reference
MnO2/Pt	CV	11.68 μA μM−1	100 nM–900 nM	10 nM	Vegetables, tomato, beans and drinking water	[155]
CuO–TiO2/GCE	CV & DPV	–	0 ppb–2000 ppb	1.21 ppb	Groundwater	[156]
SWCNT-BODIPY-ZnPc/GCE	DPV & CV	1846.9 μA μM−1	2.45 nM- 4 × 10−8 nM	1.49 nM	Peach and orange Juice	[160]
ZnONSt-GO/SPCE	DPV & Amperometry	16.5 μA μM−1	0.03 μM–670 μM	1.24 nM	Apple, broccoli flower, and collard greens	[158]
NiS2-rGO/CMNPs//GCE	CV & DPV	7.165 μA μM−1 (0.25–5 μM) 2.796 μA μM−1 (5–80 μM)	0.25 μM–80 μM	8.7 nM	Tomato, apple juices and spiked river water	[161]
HCP5@AuNPs-ERGO/GCE	DPV	–	0.005 μM–30 μM	0.001 μM	Actual water samples	[162]
PAM-Cl/GCE	CV	–		0.215 μM	Corn	[14]
PAM-Cl/CuO/ITO	CV & DPV		0.01–0.16 μM	6.7 nM	Cabbage and spinach	[100]
CuO–ZrO2-MFs/FTO	SWV		0.002–200 ppb	0.16 ppb	Tap water	[164]
Hal-MWCNTs/GCE	DPV	–	0.5–11 μM	0.034 μM	Kiwifruit and Romaine	[165]
GNPs/ZrO2/Ag SPE	SWV	–	1–20 μM	1 μM	–	[163]

GCE:Glassy Carbon Electrode;SWCNT:Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube;BODIPY:Boron Dipyromethene;ZnPc:Zn (II) phthalocyanines;ZnONSt:ZnO Nanostars;GO:Graphene Oxide;SPCE:Screen Printed Carbon Electrode;rGO:Reduced Graphene Oxide;CMNPs:Curcumin Nano Particles;HCP5:Hydroxylatopillar[5]arene;AuNPs:Au Nanoparticles;ERGO:Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide;CV:Cyclic Voltammetry;DPV:Differential Pulse Voltammetry;Cuo:Copper Oxide;ZrO₂:Zirconium Oxide;MFs:Microfibers;SWV:Square Wave Voltammetry;FTO:Fluorine Tin Oxide Electrode;Hal: Halloysite;MWCNTs: Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes;GNPs: Graphene Nanoplatelet;Ag SPE: Silver Screen Printed Electrode.