Table 3.
Performance of models in the discovery set and the two external validation sets
| Model | Discovery set |
Validation set V1 |
Validation set V2 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iAUC | C-index(95%CI) | AIC | iAUC | C-index(95%CI) | AIC | iAUC | C-index(95%CI) | AIC | |
| TLS density model | 0.543 | 0.548(0.510–0.586) | 1442.527 | 0.555 | 0.564(0.517–0.612) | 970.278 | 0.585 | 0.605(0.568–0.642) | 954.701 |
| TNM stage model | 0.643 | 0.658(0.617–0.699) | 1387.206 | 0.656 | 0.673(0.624–0.721) | 931.919 | 0.668 | 0.669(0.616–0.722) | 938.821 |
| TLS density & TNM stage model | 0.664 | 0.691(0.651–0.731) | 1385.670 | 0.679 | 0.707(0.661–0.752) | 929.558 | 0.687 | 0.696(0.646–0.747) | 927.186 |
| Clinical model | 0.690 | 0.702(0.659–0.745) | 1377.481 | 0.674 | 0.694(0.643–0.745) | 931.250 | 0.678 | 0.681(0.625–0.736) | 937.909 |
| Full model | 0.702 | 0.716(0.673–0.758) | 1373.345 | 0.691 | 0.710(0.660–0.759) | 929.065 | 0.694 | 0.697(0.643–0.751) | 923.722 |
Clinical model: Smoking status + Differentiation + TNM stage + LVI; Full model: Smoking status + Differentiation + TNM stage + LVI + TLS density.
AUC, the integrated area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; AIC, Akaike information criterion; LVI, lymphovascular invasion.