Table 2.

Definitions of outcome variables.

Outcome variables	Definition	Study, year
Perceived privacy concern	The extent to which an individual is concerned about whether their health information is safe from potential compromises (such as errors, data collection practices, unauthorized access, or secondary use of data)	Angst and Agarwal [76], 2009
Perceived trust	The degree to which an individual believes that a data-sharing platform is reliable and trustworthy	Hall and McGraw [77], 2014
Perceived transparency	The degree to which the procedure in which sensitive health data are collected, accessed, and used is transparent	Kim et al [78], 2015
Perceived data ownership	The extent to which an individual believes that a data-sharing platform recognizes their ownership rights on their raw health data	Kish and Topol [79], 2015
Perceived anonymity	The extent to which an individual thinks that a data-sharing platform removes personal identifiers from sensitive health data for sharing purposes	Till et al [80], 2017
Perceived incentives	The extent to which an individual believes that a data-sharing platform offers him or her a particular incentive to share health information for clinical research	Roberts et al [81], 2017
Perceived control	The extent to which an individual believes that he or she can control the authorization and consent process of data sharing	Gordon and Catalini [82], 2018
Willingness to use	The extent to which an individual is likely to use a particular data-sharing mechanism to share their personal health information with a research organization	Esmaeilzadeh [58], 2019
Perceived efficiency	The extent to which an individual believes that a data-sharing platform can efficiently connect data holders and data users	Shabani [48], 2019