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. 2023 Sep 1;6(9):e2331301. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.31301

Figure 3. Mixed-Effect Model Effect Estimates for the Intervention per Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) Score.

Figure 3.

The mixed-effect models used z scores as outcomes. The z scores were used as outcomes to standardize the different PROM scores on 1 scale and thereby facilitate the comparison of different PROM scores. In their raw form, the PROM scores are measured on different scales and would hence not be directly comparable. The compliance-corrected analysis excludes all patients who did not answer the PROMs at a minimum of 2 intervention time points in the intervention group; effect estimates above zero indicate better health changes in the intervention group, whereas estimates below zero indicate better health levels in the control group. EQ-5D-5L indicates European Quality of Life 5-Dimension 5-Level version; EQ-VAS, European Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale; HOOS-PS, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Physical Function Shortform; KOOS-PS, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Physical Function Shortform; and PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.