Table 2.

Clinical, cardiac and microvascular function characteristics of participants diagnosed with HFpEF compared to those with no HFpEF

	Diagnosed with HFpEF (n = 14)	Not diagnosed with HFpEF (n = 140)	P-value
Clinical characteristics
Age, years	69 ± 5.8	66.3 ± 6.2	0.122
Female, %	11 (79)	66 (47.1)	0.019
HbA1c, %	7.9 ± 1.5	7.5 ± 1.3	0.452
NT-proBNP pg/mL	222.0 (171.8-313.5)	54.5 (27.6-118.7)	0.018
eGFR,, mL/min/1.73 m2	68.6 (59.8–89.9)	86.0 (72.6–97.6)	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m2	35.3 ± 6.2	29.3 ± 4.8	0.003
Echocardiography
E’ mean, cm/s	5.5 ± 1.4	6.0 ± 1.3	0.256
E/E’, mean	17.6 ± 7.4	11.8 ± 2.8	0.012
LVMI, g/m2	104.5 ± 20.7	91.0 ± 21.3	0.034
LAVI, ml/m2	37.2 ± 8.5	27.9 ± 8.3	0.001
PASP, mmHg	36.0 ± 4.3	29.0 ± 5.6	0.004
LV strain, %	-15.3 ± 1.3	-17.11 ± 2.2	0.001
LA strain, %	-23.4 ± 8.0	-28.6 ± 7.0	0.063
TAPSE, mm	24.2 ± 3.6	23.7 ± 3.4	0.651
Microvascular function, perfusion responses
Average baseline perfusion, PU	33.8 (29.7–39.7)	33.8 (24.4–43.9)	0.968
Insulin
Perfusion plateau, PU	57.0 (45.6–75.1)	46.0 (35.2–50.8)	0.003
Absolute change, %	12.2 ± 20.6	30.2 ± 23.7	0.007
Relative change, %	45.6 ± 69.2	102.6 ± 84.6	0.011
Acetylcholine
Perfusion plateau, PU	95.3 (83.0-110.8)	86.7 (78.0-97.5)	0.152
Absolute change, %	53.6 ± 15.5	61.7 ± 26.5	0.112
Relative change, %	172.2 ± 89.5	196.1 ± 106.3	0.379
SNP
Perfusion plateau, PU	88.6 (74.6-100.5)	77.8 (64.2-100.2)	0.363
Absolute change, %	47.9 ± 23.7	51.1 ± 33.6	0.660
Relative change, %	154.2 ± 84.3	162.2 ± 118.8	0.757

Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or frequencies (percentages) and compared between men and women using t-test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and chi-square tests, where appropriate

BMI = body mass index. HbA1c = Hemoglobin A1c. eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate. SNP = sodium nitroprusside