Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics at ICU admission (univariate analysis)
| Characteristic | Missing data, n (%) | Overall (n = 201) | Alive (n = 107) | Dead (n = 94) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 60·3 (50.5–68.1) | 57.1 (44.9–66.9) | 62.7 (53.0–68.7) | 0.07 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 119 (59.2) | 64 (59.8) | 55 (58.5) | 0.89 | |
| Disease status, n (%)* | 0.07 | ||||
| New diagnosis | 83 (41.3) | 41 (38.3) | 42 (44.7) | ||
| First line of treatment | 29 (14.4) | 22 (20.6) | 7 (7.4) | ||
| ≥ 2 line of treatment | 29 (14.4) | 11 (10.3) | 18 (19.1) | ||
| Remission | 25 (12.4) | 15 (14.0) | 10 (10.6) | ||
| Active disease | 7 (3.5) | 3 (2.8) | 4 (4.3) | ||
| Unknown | 28 (13.9) | 15 (14.0) | 13 (13.8) | ||
| Transplant, n (%) | 0.09 | ||||
| HSCT | 58 (28.9) | 26 (24.3) | 32 (34.0) | ||
| ASCT | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.1) | ||
| No HSCT | 141 (70.1) | 81 (75.7) | 60 (63.8) | ||
| Non-hematological systemic diseases, n (%) | 12 (6.0) | 8 (7.5) | 4 (4.3) | 0.51 | |
| ECOG ≥ 2, n (%) | 67 (39.2) | 28 (31.1) | 39 (48.1) | 0.03 | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Cardiac | 14 (7.0) | 46 (24.6) | 25 (24.5) | 21 (24.7) | 1.00 |
| COPD | 10 (5.0) | 20 (10.5) | 13 (13.0) | 7 (7.7) | 0.34 |
| Diabetes | 9 (4.5) | 25 (13.0) | 11 (11.0) | 14 (15.2) | 0.51 |
| Chronic Renal Failure | 6 (3.0) | 11 (5.6) | 6 (5.8) | 5 (5.5) | 1.00 |
| Cirrhosis | 7 (3.5) | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.53 |
| Prophylaxis, n (%) | |||||
| Antifungal | 131 (65.2) | 67 (62.6) | 64 (68.1) | 0.68 | |
| Viral | 80 (39.8) | 35 (32.7) | 45 (47.9) | 0.09 | |
| Pneumocystis | 41 (20.4) | 18 (16.8) | 23 (24.5) | 0.40 | |
| Code status at ICU admission, n (%) | 0.02 | ||||
| Full code | 173 (86.1) | 98 (91.6) | 75 (79.8) | ||
| Time-limited trial | 4 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (4.3) | ||
| Early admission | 5 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.3) | ||
| DNI/DNR | 8 (4.0) | 4 (3.7) | 4 (4.3) | ||
| Unknown | 11 (5.5) | 5 (4.6) | 6 (6.4) | ||
| Clinical features at admission and day 1, n (%) | |||||
| Chest pain | 17 (8.5) | 28 (15.2) | 19 (19.4) | 9 (10.5) | 0.14 |
| Cough | 15 (7.5) | 79 (42.5) | 33 (33.3) | 46 (52.9) | 0.01 |
| Sputum | 16 (8.0) | 26 (14.1) | 8 (8.2) | 18 (20.7) | 0.03 |
| Hemoptysis | 13 (6.5) | 20 (10.6) | 10 (10.1) | 10 (11.2) | 0.99 |
| Muscle pain | 15 (7.5) | 9 (4.8) | 4 (4.0) | 5 (5.7) | 0.84 |
| Rhinorrhea | 17 (8.5) | 4 (2.1) | 2 (2.0) | 2 (2.2) | 1.00 |
| Rash | 13 (6.5) | 20 (10.6) | 12 (12.1) | 8 (9.0) | 0.65 |
| Neutropenia | 52 (25.9) | 29 (27.1) | 23 (24.5) | 0.79 | |
| White blood cells, × 109/L, median (IQR) | 4.00 (0.00–26.00) | 3·00 (0.00–24.50) | 6.00 (0.00–25.50) | 0.46 | |
| Platelets, median (IQR) | 28.00 (13.00–64.50) | 32.50 (15.00–68.75) | 23.00 (13.00–48.00) | 0.07 | |
| Temperature, median (IQR) | 38.4 (37.4–39.3) | 38.5 (37·4–39.5) | 38.4 (37.1–39.1) | 0.21 | |
| RR | 33 (27–38) | 32.5 (27–38) | 33 (27–39) | 0.68 | |
| SpO2 | 92 (89–95) | 92 (89–95) | 92 (89–95) | 0.43 | |
| PaO2, mmHg | 68.0 (58.0–85.2) | 65.5 (54.5–83.7) | 68.5 (58.2–88.7) | 0.31 | |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 36.5 (31.0–47.2) | 35.0 (30.0–43.5) | 39.0 (31.0–50.0) | 0.08 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 150 (98–232) | 157.5 (94–255.5) | 137 (101–210) | 0.44 | |
| Berlin category (patients with ARDS), n (%) | 145 (72.1) | 73 (68.2) | 72 (76.6) | 0.21 | |
| Mild | 32 (22.1) | 17 (23.3) | 15 (20.8) | 0.55 | |
| Moderate | 70 (48.3) | 32 (43.8) | 38 (52.8) | ||
| Severe | 43 (29.7) | 24 (32.9) | 19 (26.4) | ||
| Oxygen Flow, L/min, median (IQR) | 11·5 (8–15) | 11 (7–15) | 11 (9–13.5) | 0.58 | |
| SOFA score at admission, median (IQR) | |||||
| Respiratory | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.36 | |
| Cardiovascular | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | 0.06 | |
| Hepatic | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.01 | |
| Neurological | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.24 | |
| Renal | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0.19 | |
| Hemostatic | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–4) | 0.06 | |
| Total | 8 (6–12) | 7 (5–10) | 9 (7–13) | 0.001 | |
| Days from ARF to ICU admission, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–3.25) | 0.21 | |
| Days from AML diagnosis to ICU admission, median (IQR) | 22.50 (2–165) | 24 (4–173) | 20 (0.50–160.5) | 0.37 | |
| Radiological findings | |||||
| Chest X-ray pattern, n (%) | |||||
| Alveolar Focal | 39 (19.4) | 29 (27.1) | 10 (10.6) | 0.01 | |
| Diffuse | 77 (38.3) | 36 (33.6) | 41 (43.6) | 0.19 | |
| Interstitial Focal | 10 (5.0) | 9 (8.4) | 1 (1.1) | 0.04 | |
| Diffuse | 100 (49.8) | 45 (42.1) | 55 (58.5) | 0.03 | |
| Pleural effusion | 78 (39.0) | 44 (41.5) | 34 (36.2) | 0.53 | |
| Fibrosis | 5 (2.5) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (4.3) | 0.29 | |
| N.quadrants involved, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–4) | 0.02 | |
| CT-scan patterns, n (%) | |||||
| Halo sign | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.1) | 1.00 | |
| Nodules | 14 (7.0) | 10 (9.3) | 4 (4.3) | 0.26 | |
| Pleural effusion | 61 (30.5) | 31 (29.2) | 30 (31.9) | 0.80 | |
| Alveolar consolidation | 68 (33.8) | 32 (30.0) | 36 (38.3) | 0.21 | |
| Focal | 35 (17.4) | 20 (18.7) | 15 (16.0) | 0.71 | |
| Diffuse | 33 (16.4) | 12 (11.2) | 21 (22.3) | 0.04 | |
| Ground glass opacities | 59 (29.4) | 30 (28.0) | 29 (31) | 0.66 | |
| Focal | 19 (9.5) | 15 (14.0) | 4 (4.3) | 0.03 | |
| Diffuse | 40 (20.0) | 15 (14.0) | 25 (26.6) | 0.03 | |
| Septal thickening | 22 (11.0) | 11 (10.4) | 11 (11.7) | 0.94 | |
HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; ASCT autologous stem cell transplantation; ECOG Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status; DNI/DNR Do Not Intubate/Do Not Resuscitate; RR respiratory rate
*New diagnosis: newly diagnosed AML who are about to start the appropriate treatments; active disease: already diagnosed AML with active and uncontrolled disease, off-therapy after the failure of previous treatments (e.g., palliative setting)