Table 1.

List of SARS-CoV-2 host substrates.

Gene symbol	Cleavage sequence	Proposed implications of Mpro cleavage	Reference	NetCorona score	PDB ID
IRAK1	453QSTLQ↓AGL460	Decrease cytokines production	Miczi et al. (2020)	0.859	Model
TAB1	128KASLQ↓SQL135	Inhibit cytokine production	Moustaqil et al. (2021); Pablos et al. (2021)	0.688	2J4O (a.a.16–371)
	440TLTLQ↓STN447			0.487
DCP1A	339STMMQ↓AVK346	Abolish the activity of ISG effector	Song et al. (2023)	0.569	Model
NLRP12	237GKLFQ↓GRF244	Enhance the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines	Moustaqil et al. (2021)	0.103	Model
	934SVVLQ↓ANH941			0.902
SLC25A22	250KTRLQ↓SLQ257	Decrease immunosuppression	Zhang et al. (2021)	0.938	Model
FAF1	49NGILQ↓SEY56	Inhibit type 1 interferon signaling	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.224	Model
RPAP1	14LLHFQ↓SQF21	Divert transcription and translation machineries from host to virus	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.102	Model
	232IARLQ↓AMA239			0.768
PTBP1	148QAALQ↓AVN155	Molecular switch from viral translation to replication	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.445	Model
PNN	109KPALQ↓SSV116	Transcriptional activation of immune response pathways and induce apoptosis	Meyer et al. (2021)	0.582	Model
CTBP1	153GTRVQ↓SVE160	Disturb the transcription of host antiviral response genes	Miczi et al. (2020); Scott et al. (2022)	0.946	6CDR
HDAC2	257AVVLQ↓CGA264	Impairment of ISG expression	Song et al. (2023)	0.328	6XEC (a.a. 1–376)
	379GVQMQ↓AIP386			0.503
YAP1	129PASLQ↓LGA136	Inhibit IRF3 translocation and innate antiviral response	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.243	Model
MAP4K5	452ISKLM↓SEN459	Block Hippo pathway	Pablos et al. (2021)	NA	Model
CREB1	205TTILQ↓YAQ212	Regulate transcription of anti-apoptotic genes	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.262	Model
	225QVVVQ↓AAS232			0.195
BIRC6	99GATLQ↓ASA106	Promote apoptosis and autophagy	Zhang et al. (2021)	0.861	N/A
TDP-43	327QAALQ↓SSW334	Induce cytotoxicity	Yang et al. (2023)	0.378	Model
LGALS8	154SSDLQ↓STQ161	Escape xenophagy	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.914	Model
FYCO1	975LPGLQ↓AQL982	Cause incomplete autophagy	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.551	Model
RNF20	517SALLQ↓SQS524	Stabilizes SREBP1-driven lipid metabolism	Zhang et al. (2021)	0.668	Model
PAICS	30KVLLQ↓SKD37	promote purine biosynthesis	Meyer et al. (2021)	0.864	7ALE
IRS2	1118EAFLQ↓ASQ1125	Insulin resistance	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.459	Model
GOLGA3	446STKLQ↓AQV453	Reconfigure endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus	Meyer et al. (2021)	0.606	Model
NUP107	31RVLLQ↓ASQ38	Hijack nuclear pore transport	Meyer et al. (2021); Pablos et al. (2021)	0.569	Model
KPNA3/IMA4	74EAILQ↓NAT81	Hijack nuclear pore transport	Pablos et al. (2021)	0.495	Model
SEPT2	336IARMQ↓AQM343	Destabilize filament structure and induce cilia dysfunction	Lee et al. (2023)	0.529	Model
SEPT6	76QPGVQ↓LQS83	Destabilize filament structure and induce cilia dysfunction	Pablos et al. (2021); Lee et al. (2023)	0.919	6UPA
SEPT9	216VSQLQ↓SRL223	Destabilize filament structure and induce cilia dysfunction	Pablos et al. (2021); Lee et al. (2023)	0.886	Model

Model: prediction of protein structure by AlphaFold.

N/A, not available.