Table 1.

Concordance of chronic pain and mechanism of injury, and current pain medications taken. c/w, consistent with; FGM/C, female genital mutilation/cutting; N, no evidence of concordance; OTC, over-the-counter; P, possible; TMJ, temporomandibular joint; Y, yes. One additional participant who did not experience chronic pain took ibuprofen for occasional headaches.

	Mechanism of trauma	Pain symptom	Pain c/w injury	Medication
1	Beating; burned	Myofascial; cervical; thoracic pain	Y	‘Pain pills’/name unsure
2	Beating; assault with object; knifing	Abdominal pain; costochondral pain	P	None
3	Beating; stabbing	Myofascial pain	Y	None
4	Beating; burned; FGM/C; rape	Vaginal pain; urethral pain	Y	Ibuprofen; paracetamol
5	Beating; assault with electrical wire; waterboarding	Joint pain; myofascial pain	Y	OTC pills/name unsure
6	Beating; FGM/C	Intermittent low back pain; scar pain	Y	Ibuprofen; paracetamol
7	Beating; choking; rape	Thoracic spine pain; myofascial pain	Y	None
8	Beating; assault; rape; FGM/C	Pelvic pain; menstrual pain	Y	None
9	Beating; choking	Myofascial pain	P	None
10	Beating; assault	Myofascial; low back pain	P	Naproxen
11	Beating; assault	Coccyx pain; TMJ pain; bone pain	Y	Ibuprofen; paracetamol
12	FGM/C	Pelvic; myofascial; neuropathic pain	P	Ibuprofen
13	Shooting	Bone pain at gunshot site	Y	None
14	Beating; sexual assault; rape	Headaches	N	None
15	Assault; knifing; rape; FGM/C	Dyspareunia; left lower quadrant pain	Y	Ibuprofen
16	Beating; rape	Abdominal pain; myofascial pain	Y	Unsure
17	Beating; suffocation; waterboarding	Costochondral pain; headache	Y	None
18	Beating; assault	Sacroiliac joint pain	Y	Naproxen
19	Upper extremity suspension; electric shock; sodomy; rape, telefono	Joint pain; musculoskeletal; neuropathic pain	N	Paracetamol
20	FGM/C	Vaginal pain; lumbar radiculopathy	Y	None