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. 2023 Jul 12;15(9):2213–2224. doi: 10.1111/os.13809

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Diagram of MAPK signaling pathway in knee osteoarthritis. The pathway diagram shows that factors such as IL‐1 and TNF‐a can be used as initiators of MAPK signaling pathway to mediate signal expression and participate in catabolic events such as cartilage degradation.