Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, ECG and echocardiographic findings.
| Variables | CSF (n = 46) | Control group (n = 29) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 55.22 ± 9.33 | 53.18 ± 8.32 | 0.104 |
| Sex (Male), %(n) | 60.9% (28) | 44.8% (13) | 0.173 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.79 ± 4.17 | 30.65 ± 4.47 | 0.403 |
| DM, %(n) | 45.7% (21) | 44.8% (13) | 0.944 |
| HT, %(n) | 56.5% (26) | 41.4% (12) | 0.201 |
| Smoker, %(n) | 45.7% (21) | 31% (9) | 0.208 |
| Heart Rate, beats/min | 75.80 ± 12.60 | 76.24 ± 12.72 | 0.885 |
| SBP, mmHg | 127.67 ± 13.51 | 128.66 ± 12.38 | 0.753 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.83 ± 8.12 | 79.03 ± 6.58 | 0.908 |
| LVED diameter**, mm | 48 (46–51) | 47.55 ± 2.84 | 0.173 |
| LVES diameter**, mm | 28 (25–28) | 28.28 ± 3.29 | 0.631 |
| LVEF**, % | 64.20 (61.57–65.62) | 63.05 ± 3.09 | 0.597 |
| SW, mm | 10.80 ± 1.55 | 10.74 ± 1.24 | 0.844 |
| PW, mm | 10.41 ± 1.24 | 10.13 ± 1.04 | 0.313 |
| IVRT, ms | 87.85 ± 18.67 | 78.21 ± 9.86 | 0.013 |
| Mitral inflow peak E velocity (m/s) | 73.21 ± 16.86 | 75.33 ± 14.71 | 0.580 |
| Mitral inflow peak A velocity (m/s) | 77.98 ± 20.83 | 76.37 ± 14.22 | 0.717 |
| E/A | 0.96 ± 0.28 | 1.02 ± 0.26 | 0.038 |
| DT | 201.22 ± 34.16 | 206.90 ± 27.62 | 0.454 |
| MeanEm (cm/s) | 8.22 ± 1.42 | 8.40 ± 1.37 | 0.581 |
| MeanAm (cm/s) | 10.64 ± 2.89 | 10.59 ± 2.30 | 0.944 |
| MeanEm/Am ratio | 0.82 ± 0.27 | 0.87 ± 0.27 | 0.013 |
| E/E′ (Em) | 9.18 ± 2.34 | 8.88 ± 2.36 | 0.589 |
| QT, ms | 376.76 ± 20.92 | 371.31 ± 20.19 | 0.269 |
| Cor. P dispersion | 40.90 ± 10.13 | 37.40 ± 7.89 | 0.025 |
| Cor. QT dispersion | 41.64 ± 7.72 | 36.49 ± 9.23 | 0.001 |
| Cor. Tp-e interval | 81.52 ± 12.92 | 76.06 ± 8.69 | 0.008 |
| Tp-e/QT ratio | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.016 |
| Tp-e/cQT ratio | 0.17 ± 0.22 | 0.17 ± 0.23 | 0.808 |
| RR interval | 0.81 ± 0.12 | 0.83 ± 0.14 | 0.696 |
| TIMI frame count (frame/s) | |||
| LAD | 35.00 ± 15.46 | 16.18 ± 1.38 | <0.001 |
| Cx | 28.54 ± 11.43 | 17.84 ± 1.19 | <0.001 |
| RCA | 34.13 ± 14.49 | 17.35 ± 1.81 | <0.001 |
| Mean TIMI frame count | 32.75 ± 11.71 | 17.11 ± 0.72 | <0.001 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SW, septal wall; PW, posterior wall; LVED left ventricular end diastol; LVES, left ventricular end systole; A, mitral inflow contraction velocity; Am, atrial contraction wave using TDI; CDI, conventional Doppler imaging; CSF, coronary slow flow; DT, deceleration time; E, mitral velocity of early diastolic filling from transmitral flow; Em, early diastolic filling using TDI; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; LV, left ventricle; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; Tp-e, between the peak and the end of the T wave.
Data are presented as mean ± SD and numbers (%).
Student—T test was used for normally distributed variables.
Non–normally distributed variables were presented as median (minimum-maximum) value.
Non–normally distributed variables were assessed by Mann–Whitney’ s U test.