FIGURE 7.

Model of the mechanism of Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulating CXCL1 secretion from pancreatic cancer cells, leading to cancer progression through two pathways: first, in an autocrine manner, F. nucleatum promoted pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion, which was confirmed by in vitro coculture experiments with F. nucleatum; second, in a paracrine manner, F. nucleatum suppressed tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells by recruiting MDSCs in vivo experiments.