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. 2023 Aug 21;17:1244685. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1244685

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Attention-related brain networks. (A) Orienting attention networks include the DAN and VAN. The DAN is involved in top-down control of attention, while the VAN is responsible for bottom-up attention. When external salient stimuli are detected, the VAN will interrupt the processes of the DAN through the TPJ. (B) Executive attention networks include the CON and FPN. The CON provides a stable maintenance of attention performance, and the FPN is responsible for task initiation and switching. (C) The DMN is involved in self-reflective mental activity and is typically less active during externally oriented tasks, such as tasks that require attentional control. (D) The SN is involved in detecting salient stimuli (including interoceptive stimuli) and facilitates the switch between the FPN and the DMN. aINS, anterior insula; AMY, amygdala; aPFC, anterior prefrontal cortex; CON, cingulo-opercular network; dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; DAN, dorsal attention network; dFC, dorsal frontal cortex; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DMN, default mode network; dmPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; FEF, frontal eye fields; FPN, frontoparietal network; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; IPS, intraparietal sulcus; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; SN, salience network; TPJ temporoparietal junction; VAN, ventral attention network; vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex; VS, ventral striatum; VTA, ventral tegmental area. Straight lines represent connectivity between structures in cases where there is not a definitive directional relationship. Network nodes derived from the Gordon network parcellation scheme (Gordon et al., 2016).