Table 3.
Within-group statistically significant changes across all measures.
| Measure | Sham Group | Active Group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | P | |
| Survey data | ||||
| ISI item 7 | −0.75 (0.89) | 0.048 | −0.70 (1.09) | .009 |
| ISI total | −2.38 (2.20) | 0.019 | −1.70 (3.39) | .037 |
| SDS insomnia | −1.44 (1.51) | 0.021 | −1.35 (2.25) | .015 |
| POMS depression | – | – | −0.22 (0.42) | .029 |
| Oura | ||||
| REM (%) | – | – | −0.01 (0.02) | .034 |
| Diary | ||||
| Karolinska Sleepiness Scale | −0.56 (0.62) | 0.019 | −0.57 (0.85) | .008 |
| Sleep latency (min) | – | – | −6.33 (7.30) | .001 |
| Sufficient | – | – | 0.07 (1.51) | .044 |
| Refreshed | 0.35 (0.50) | 0.057 | 0.71 (0.71) | <.0001 |
| Sleep quality | 0.37 (0.52) | 0.051 | 0.59 (0.77) | .003 |
| Subjective rating (%) | ||||
| Sleep | −21.50 (30.92) | 0.055 | – | – |
| Relax | – | – | 17.50 (23.14) | .003 |
| Daytime | – | – | 17.50 (23.14) | .003 |
| Perform | −18.70 (25.73) | 0.047 | – | – |
| Energy | −26.00 (30.17) | 0.023 | – | – |
Data are presented as mean (SD); t tests were performed on change scores pre- and postintervention. ISI = Insomnia Severity Index, POMS = Profile of Mood States, REM = rapid eye movement, SD = standard deviation, SDS = Sleep Disorders Symptoms Checklist-25.