. 2023 Sep 1;19(9):1685–1696. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.10680

Table 2.

Results of subgroup analysis on neurological function/functional status.

Characteristics		Number of Contrast Groups	SMD			Heterogeneity	P ^a
Characteristics		Number of Contrast Groups	SMD	95% CI	P	I² (%)	P ^a
Initiation time of CPAP since stroke
Neurological function	Within 7 days	4	0.09	–0.26 to 0.43	.62	58	.06
Neurological function	After 7 days	5	0.48	0.24 to 0.72	<.0001	0	.06
Functional status	Within 7 days	1	−0.05	−0.40 to 0.31	.80	NA	.12
Functional status	After 7 days	8	0.31	0.03 to 0.59	.03	49	.12
Exclusion of previously diagnosed sleep apnea
Neurological function	Yes	6	0.28	−0.06 to 0.61	.10	71	.89
Neurological function	No	3	0.32	−0.08 to 0.71	.12	0	.89
Functional status	Yes	5	0.34	−0.09 to 0.76	.12	73	.35
Functional status	No	4	0.09	−0.20 to 0.38	.53	0	.35
Type of sleep apnea
Neurological function	Definite OSA	5	0.34	−0.12 to 0.79	.15	76	.56
Neurological function	Unclassified sleep apnea	4	0.18	−0.04 to 0.41	.11	0	.56
Functional status	Definite OSA	6	0.29	−0.07 to 0.64	.12	70	.55
Functional status	Unclassified sleep apnea	3	0.13	−0.24 to 0.49	.49	0	.55
CPAP treatment duration
Neurological function	≤ 6 months	6	0.43	0.16 to 0.70	.002	0	.24
Neurological function	> 6 months	3	0.12	−0.34 to 0.57	.62	83	.24
Functional status	≤ 6 months	6	0.14	−0.10 to 0.37	.25	0	.46
Functional status	> 6 months	3	0.41	−0.27 to 1.09	.24	85	.46
Sample size of included studies
Neurological function	≤ 50 participants	6	0.43	0.16 to 0.70	.002	0	.24
Neurological function	> 50 participants	3	0.12	−0.34 to 0.57	.62	83	.24
Functional status	≤ 50 participants	5	0.26	−0.04 to 0.56	.09	0	.93
Functional status	> 50 participants	4	0.23	−0.26 to 0.73	.35	82	.93

^{^a}

P values indicate whether the difference between the effect sizes in the subgroups is significant. CI = confidence interval, CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure, NA = not applicable, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, SMD = standardized mean difference.