Table 3.
Mother-reported child sleep patterns, ecology, and intervention outcomes before and after Beds for Kids (BfK) intervention (n = 27).
| Sleep Arrangement and Patterns (BCSQ) | Pre-BfK | 1-Month Post-BfK | Adjusted Post- vs Preintervention Difference | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | Beta Coefficient, (SE)a | ||
| Sleeps in own room, own bed | 0.0% | 40.7% | ||
| Shared room with caregiver, own bedb | 11.1% | 22.2% | ||
| Shared room with sibling(s), own bed | 0.0% | 25.9% | ||
| Shared room with caregiver, shared bed | 59.3% | 11.1% | ||
| Shared room with sibling(s), shared bed | 18.5% | 0.0% | ||
| Floor | 3.7% | 0.0% | ||
| Other | 7.4% | 0.0% | ||
| Bedtime | 8:44 PM (50.40 min) | 8:59 PM (48.60 min) | .24 (0.13) | .053 |
| Sleep onset latency (minutes) | 42.61 (33.20) | 37.71 (29.12) | −4.22 (5.96) | .479 |
| Night awakening frequency | 1 (0.78) | 0.62 (0.64) | −0.39 (0.14)** | .007 |
| Duration of night awakenings (minutes) | 20.32 (23.52) | 10.35 (13.65) | −10.31 (4.73)* | .029 |
| Wake time | 7:44 AM (74.40 min) | 7:39 AM (73.80 min) | ||
| Nighttime sleep duration (hours) | 8.91 (1.29) | 9.13 (1.48) | 0.20 (0.29) | .482 |
| Takes naps | 88.89% | 81.48% | ||
| Nap duration (minutes) | 104.44 (63.45 min) | 76.67 (60.76 min) | ||
| Total (24-hour) sleep duration (hours) | 10.72 (1.88) | 10.46 (2.04) | ||
| Sleep quality | 2.48 (0.98) | 3.38 (.85) | .90 (.20)*** | <.001 |
| Child sleep problem | 40.7% | 11.5% | N/A | .03c |
| Bedtime routine ≥ 5 nights/week | 48.2% | 57.7% | 0.66 (0.71) | .353 |
| Consumes ≥ 1 caffeinated beverages/d (yes/no) | 48.2% | 57.7% | 0.57 (0.73) | .432 |
| No. of caffeinated beverages/day | 0.81 (1.00) | 0.65 (0.63) | −0.17 (0.19) | .354 |
| Electronics in bedroom (yes/no) | 88.9% | 76.9% | −1.49 (1.13) | .185 |
| No. of electronics | 1.74 (0.98) | 1.50 (1.21) | −0.26 (0.21) | .229 |
| Internalizing problems T-score | 49.96 (10.38) | 46.23 (10.76) | −3.84 (1.56)* | .014 |
| Externalizing problems T-score | 52.15 (12.06) | 48.62 (12.26) | −3.56 (1.65)* | .031 |
*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001. aMixed-effects models accounting for random effects of children and after adjusting for child sex, age, and baseline maternal clinically significant depression, baseline family chaos score, and intervention, except for child sleep problem. bAt baseline assessment, “own bed” in caregiver’s room reflects independent child sleep space (eg, a rug or small crib mattress on the floor) and not an individual child bed. cMcNemar test. BCSQ = Brief Child Sleep Questionnaire, N/A = not applicable, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error.