Table 4.
Group differences in regions of interest associated with the DMN, CEN and SN
| Network volume cm3 (s.d.) | TD control n = 34 | Mild n = 53 | Complicated-mild TBI n = 14 | Moderate TBI n = 24 | Severe TBI n = 12 | F | p | η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Default mode network | ||||||||
| Ventromedial prefrontal cortex | 40.00 (4.39) | 41.42 (3.83) | 39.25 (2.19)a | 40.80 (3.77) | 34.91 (5.79)b,c,d,e | 8.60 | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| Posterior cingulate cortex | 17.38 (2.31) | 17.71 (2.36) | 16.55 (1.56) | 17.33 (2.43) | 15.35 (2.89)b,c,d,e | 3.11 | 0.018 | 0.09 |
| Inferior parietal lobule | 50.20 (5.01) | 50.54 (5.07) | 50.26 (4.66) | 50.41 (5.63) | 45.66 (5.44)b,c,d,e | 3.15 | 0.017 | 0.09 |
| Hippocampal formation | 8.92 (0.86) | 9.02 (0.74) | 8.61 (0.81) | 8.97 (0.88) | 7.72 (1.68)b,c,d,e | 5.65 | <0.001 | 0.15 |
| Central executive network | ||||||||
| Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | 83.69 (10.48) | 88.40 (10.15) | 85.14 (7.23) | 86.55 (9.61) | 77.56 (11.31)b,c,d,e | 3.88 | 0.005 | 0.11 |
| Posterior parietal cortex | 63.71 (6.22) | 64.25 (6.11) | 63.87 (5.68) | 64.32 (7.74) | 58.77 (7.26)b,c,d,e | 2.46 | 0.049 | 0.07 |
| Caudate Nucleus | 8.09 (1.33) | 8.25 (1.07) | 7.98 (0.98) | 7.78 (0.82) | 7.46 (0.79)c | 1.47 | 0.214 | 0.04 |
| Thalamus | 15.99 (1.47) | 16.20 (1.46) | 15.51 (1.23) | 15.81 (1.33) | 14.65 (1.99)b,c,d,e | 3.54 | 0.009 | 0.10 |
| Salience network | ||||||||
| Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex | 3.73 (0.66) | 3.83 (0.63) | 3.81 (0.56) | 3.85 (0.63) | 3.26 (0.54)b,c,d,e | 2.28 | 0.064 | 0.07 |
| Insula | 26.47 (2.92) | 27.30 (2.92) | 26.23 (2.01) | 26.89 (3.01) | 25.39 (1.75)c | 1.25 | 0.293 | 0.04 |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | 19.09 (2.20) | 19.48 (2.30) | 18.73 (1.88) | 19.02 (2.60) | 16.98 (2.44)b,c,d,e | 3.61 | 0.008 | 0.10 |
| Amygdala | 3.25 (0.44) | 3.39 (0.40) | 3.07 (0.34) | 3.25 (0.46) | 2.93 (0.47)b,c,e | 3.10 | 0.018 | 0.09 |
Note: Significant (p < 0.05) Bonferroni post-hoc analyses comparing aTBI-mild v. mild complex, bTD v. TBI-severe, cTBI-mild v. TBI-severe, dTBI-mild complex v. TBI-severe, eTBI-moderate v. TBI-severe.