Table 2.
Child characteristics at time of visit
| Age at assessment | 6 months | 12 months | 18 months | All |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Weight for age z-score (WAZ; underweight; valid n=343)* | ||||
| Normal | 87 (58.4) | 68 (45.3) | 27 (61.4) | 182 (53.1) |
| At risk | 43 (28.9) | 52 (34.7) | 7 (15.9) | 102 (29.7) |
| Moderate | 13 (8.7) | 20 (13.3) | 7 (15.9) | 40 (11.7) |
| Severe | 6 (4.0) | 10 (6.7) | 3 (6.8) | 19 (5.5) |
| Length for age z-score (LAZ; stunting; valid n=351)* | ||||
| Normal | 71 (46.7) | 62 (40.5) | 20 (43.5) | 153 (43.6) |
| At risk | 47 (30.9) | 47 (30.7) | 8 (17.4) | 102 (29.1) |
| Moderate | 24 (15.8) | 26 (17.0) | 11 (23.9) | 61 (17.4) |
| Severe | 10 (6.6) | 18 (11.8) | 7 (15.2) | 35 (10.0) |
| Weight for length z-score (WLZ; wasting; valid n=339)* | ||||
| Normal | 107 (73.3) | 89 (59.7) | 31 (70.5) | 227 (67.0) |
| At risk | 22 (15.1) | 38 (25.5) | 7 (15.9) | 67 (19.8) |
| Moderate | 5 (3.4) | 11 (7.4) | 4 (9.1) | 20 (5.9) |
| Severe | 5 (3.4) | 7 (4.7) | 2 (4.6) | 14 (4.1) |
| Overweight | 6 (4.1) | 4 (2.7) | 0 | 10 (3.0) |
| Obese | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) |
| Composite malnutrition (underweight/stunted/wasting)† | ||||
| Normal | 111 (71.6) | 100 (62.9) | 26 (54.2) | 237 (65.5) |
| Malnourished | 44 (28.4) | 59 (37.1) | 20 (41.7) | 123 (34.0) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.2) | 2 (0.6) |
| Past medical illnesses (birth until study evaluation) | ||||
| Pneumonia | 9 (5.8) | 13 (8.2) | 6 (12.5) | 28 (7.7) |
| Diarrhoeal disease | 63 (40.7) | 107 (67.3) | 30 (62.5) | 200 (55.2) |
| Seizures | 8 (5.2) | 22 (13.8) | 4 (8.3) | 34 (9.4) |
| Malaria | 55 (35.5) | 107 (67.3) | 43 (89.6) | 205 (56.7) |
| Serious febrile illness/meningitis | 28 (58.3) | 41 (26.5) | 84 (52.8) | 153 (42.3) |
| Cough for >2 weeks | 13 (8.4) | 26 (16.4) | 5 (10.4) | 44 (12.2) |
| Malnutrition | 2 (1.3) | 3 (1.9) | 3 (6.2) | 8 (2.2) |
| Skin infections | 26 (16.8) | 51 (32.1) | 15 (31.3) | 92 (25.4) |
| Current medical illness (in past 2 weeks) | ||||
| Acute febrile illness | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 4 (1.1) |
| Gastroenteritis/dysentery | 21 (13.5) | 20 (12.6) | 6 (12.5) | 47 (13.0) |
| Acute malnutrition | 2 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 0 | 4 (1.1) |
| Respiratory tract infection/pneumonia | 33 (21.3) | 48 (30.2) | 13 (27.1) | 94 (26.0) |
| Others‡ | 17 (11.4) | 18 (11.3) | 5 (10.4) | 40 (11.0) |
| Referred for further care | 13 (8.4) | 15 (11.3) | 5 (10.4) | 33 (9.1) |
*Normal (≥−1 for WAZ and LAZ; ≥−1 to ≤2 for WLZ), at risk (≥−2 to <−1), moderate (<−2 to ≥−3), severe (<−3). Overweight WLZ>2 to ≤3, obese WLZ>3.
†Composite malnutrition includes infants who were either underweight, stunted or wasted.
‡Other illnesses included abscess (1), thrush (4), scabies (8), dermatitis (3), skin infection (18), anaemia (1), convulsions (3), otitis media (1), congenital cataract (1).