Tumor immune cell profile and gene expression, stratified by survival at 18 months (ONCOS-102 groupa). Immunofluorescence histology for CD4+ (A), CD8+ (B), GranzymeB-positive CD8+ cells (C), CD8+:Treg ratio(D), and M1:M2 (E) at baseline and day 36 for patients treated with ONCOS-102 who survived (left panel) and had died (right panel) at month 18. Boxes show median, lower, and upper quartiles, whiskers show minimum and maximum values within the 1.5 IQR, individual data points are shown, and values in parentheses denote number of patients with available samples. P values are derived from quasi-binomial generalized linear model (A–C) or linear regression (D, E). (F) Change in gene expression in select immunological pathways (specified in online supplemental data) from day 36 relative to baseline, stratified by survival at month 18 (number of genes in each pathway are denoted in parentheses). (G) Normalized (using DESeq2) expression of T-cell marker genes at baseline and day 36 stratified by survival at month 18 (values in parentheses denote patients with available samples). (H) Deconvolution of cell-type abundance from transcriptome expression profiles for patients at baseline and day 36 (colors reflect subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells) who were alive (left panel) and decreased (right panel) at month 18. (I) Serum GM-CSF levels at baseline and days 4, 8, 36, 78, and 120, stratified by 18-month survival. aONCOS-102 (3×1011 virus particles in 2.5 mL) with pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) in combination with cisplatin (75 mg/m2) or carboplatin (AUC 5). *p≤0.05; **p≤0.01. AUC, area under the concentration–time curve; BL, baseline; D, study day, GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IQR, interquartile range; M, macrophage; TCM, central memory T-cells; TEM, effector memory T-cells; TLR9, toll-like receptor 9; Treg, regulatory T-cells.