Table 2.
Association between cumulative social risk and the Health and Activity Limitation Index (HALex).
| Independent variable | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. HALex scores (β, 95% CI) | |||
| SDoH index (1-unit increase) | -0.015 (-0.016, -0.015) | -0.020 (-0.021, -0.020) | -0.010 (-0.011, -0.010) |
| SDoH-Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| SDoH-Q2 | -0.044 (-0.046, -0.041) | -0.056 (-0.059, -0.053) | -0.032 (-0.035, -0.030) |
| SDoH-Q3 | -0.081 (-0.085, -0.077) | -0.107 (-0.111, -0.103) | -0.061 (-0.064, -0.057) |
| SDoH-Q4 | -0.128 (-0.132, -0.124) | -0.167 (-0.171, -0.163) | -0.086 (-0.089, -0.083) |
| B. Poor HALex (OR, 95% CI) | |||
| SDoH index (1-unit increase) | 1.20 (1.19, 1.21) | 1.31 (1.30, 1.32) | 1.20 (1.19, 1.21) |
| SDoH-Q1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| SDoH-Q2 | 2.18 (2.06, 2.30) | 2.79 (2.63, 2.96) | 2.19 (2.05, 2.34) |
| SDoH-Q3 | 3.44 (3.26, 3.63) | 5.71 (5.39, 6.07) | 3.73 (3.48, 3.99) |
| SDoH-Q4 | 5.26 (5.00, 5.54) | 11.11 (10.47, 11.79) | 5.32 (4.97, 5.70) |
Model 1 – age (continuous), sex, and race/ethnicity
Model 2 – Model 1 + smoking history, obesity, arthritis, cancer, chronic liver disease, coronary heart disease, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, kidney failure, stroke, Kessler-6 score, and US geographic region of residence
Abbreviations: β – beta coefficient; HALex – Health and Activity Limitation index; OR – odds ratio; SDoH-Q – quartile group of cumulative social determinants of health index