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. 2023 Sep 4;13:44. doi: 10.1186/s13561-023-00457-4

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of Markov model. In this diagram, circles indicate health states; arrows represent all possible transitions between health states. Patients with HF may remain in the same state, be admitted to the general hospital wards (ward hospitalization), be admitted to the intensive care units, or die