Table 1. Descriptions of symbols used.

Symbol	Description
A	Surface area of the cell
α	Cytotoxicity power constant
α 0	Intercept of cytotoxicity power function
β	Osmotic damage power constant
b	Osmotically inactive fraction
C 0	Intercept of cytotoxicity proportionality function
C osmo	Osmotic damage proportionality constant
C temp	Temperature damage proportionality constant
C tox	Cytotoxicity proportionality constant
E α	Activation energy (Slope) of cytotoxicity power function
E Lp	Activation energy of water
E Ps	Activation energy of CPA
E tox	Activation energy (Slope) of cytotoxicity proportionality function
J	Accumulated damage function
J osmo	Osmotic damage function
J temp	Temperature damage function
J tot	Total damage function
J tox	Cytotoxicity damage function
L 0	Pe-exponential factor of Arrhenius equation for water
L p	Hydraulic conductivity
m i	Intracellular molality of membrane permeable CPA
m s	Extracellular molality of membrane permeable CPA
N	Surviving population
N i	Osmoles of non-permeable internal ions/osmolytes
N 0	Initial population
Π	Osmotic pressure
Πiso	Isotonic osmotic pressure
Πe	Extracellular osmotic pressure
Πi	Intracellular osmotic pressure
π n	Osmolality of non-permeable ion/osmolytes
π s	Extracellular osmolality of permeable CPA
P 0	Pre-exponential factor of Arrhenius equation for CPA
P s	CPA permeability constant
ρ w	Density of water
R	Gas constant
r	Decay rate
S	Intracellular moles of CPA
T	Temperature
T high	High benign threshold temperature
T low	Low benign threshold temperature
T phys	Benign threshold temperature
t	Time
τ	Time (used for integration up to time t)
V	Cell volume
V iso	Cell volume in isotonic conditions
v	Relative cell volume
W	Osmotically active volume
w iso	Osmotically active fraction