Table 3.
Hazard ratios of metabolites for the composite outcome
| Metabolites | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Choline metabolism | ||||||||||
| Betaine T1 (ref) | ||||||||||
| Betaine T2 | 1.31 (0.98 to 1.77) | 0.070 | 1.20 (0.89 to 1.63) | 0.228 | 1.18 (0.87 to 1.60) | 0.293 | 1.15 (0.84 to 1.56) | 0.381 | 1.18 (0.87 to 1.61) | 0.288 |
| Betaine T3 | 1.96 (1.47 to 2.61) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.27 to 2.31) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.18 to 2.17) | 0.002 | 1.42 (1.03 to 1.95) | 0.030 | 1.48 (1.07 to 2.03) | 0.017 |
| Choline T1 (ref) | ||||||||||
| Choline T2 | 1.43 (1.06 to 1.94) | 0.020 | 1.43 (1.05 to 1.95) | 0.024 | 1.44 (1.06 to 1.97) | 0.021 | 1.38 (1.01 to 1.89) | 0.041 | 1.45 (1.06 to 1.99) | 0.021 |
| Choline T3 | 2.27 (1.71 to 3.01) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.59 to 2.87) | <0.001 | 1.99 (1.47 to 2.71) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.35 to 2.51) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.39 to 2.60) | <0.001 |
| Dimethylamine T1 (ref) | ||||||||||
| Dimethylamine T2 | 1.22 (0.91 to 1.62) | 0.186 | 1.19 (0.88 to 1.60) | 0.268 | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.56) | 0.360 | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.49) | 0.554 | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.50) | 0.532 |
| Dimethylamine T3 | 1.58 (1.20 to 2.08) | 0.001 | 1.45 (1.08 to 1.95) | 0.015 | 1.38 (1.02 to 1.86) | 0.036 | 1.27 (0.94 to 1.72) | 0.128 | 1.27 (0.94 to 1.72) | 0.123 |
| TMAO T1 (ref) | ||||||||||
| TMAO T2 | 1.25 (0.94 to 1.65) | 0.131 | 1.16 (0.87 to 1.55) | 0.314 | 1.12 (0.84 to 1.50) | 0.440 | 1.08 (0.81 to 1.45) | 0.588 | 1.08 (0.81 to 1.45) | 0.595 |
| TMAO T3 | 1.34 (1.01 to 1.77) | 0.041 | 1.19 (0.89 to 1.59) | 0.235 | 1.13 (0.84 to 1.51) | 0.414 | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.36) | 0.935 | 1.02 (0.76 to 1.37) | 0.913 |
| Carbohydrate metabolism | ||||||||||
| Glucose T1 (ref) | ||||||||||
| Glucose T2 | 1.31 (0.97 to 1.76) | 0.081 | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.66) | 0.206 | 1.25 (0.92 to 1.71) | 0.154 | 1.25 (0.91 to 1.70) | 0.170 | 1.25 (0.91 to 1.70) | 0.170 |
| Glucose T3 | 2.21 (1.67 to 2.92) | <0.001 | 1.96 (0.47 to 2.62) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.42 to 2.54) | <0.001 | 1.68 (1.23 to 2.30) | 0.001 | 1.76 (1.28 to 2.41) | 0.001 |
| TCA cycle | ||||||||||
| Fumarate T1 (ref) | ||||||||||
| Fumarate T2 | 1.23 (0.90 to 1.66) | 0.190 | 1.21 (0.89 to 1.64) | 0.220 | 1.23 (0.90 to 1.67) | 0.196 | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.66) | 0.202 | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.66) | 0.209 |
| Fumarate T3 | 2.07 (1.57 to 2.73) | <0.001 | 2.03 (1.52 to 2.71) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.43 to 2.59) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.27 to 2.35) | 0.001 | 1.78 (1.30 to 2.42) | <0.001 |
| Citrate T1 (ref) | ||||||||||
| Citrate T2 | 0.88 (0.63 to 1.15) | 0.351 | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.12) | 0.282 | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.21) | 0.585 | 0.92 (0.70 to 1.20) | 0.522 | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.23) | 0.637 |
| Citrate T3 | 0.69 (0.52 to 0.92) | 0.012 | 0.67 (0.50 to 0.89) | 0.007 | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) | 0.105 | 0.69 (0.51 to 0.96) | 0.025 | 0.72 (0.52 to 1.00) | 0.047 |
Model 1: adjusted with age, sex. Model 2: adjusted with age, sex, eGFR, urinary protein/creatinine ratio. Model 3: adjusted with age, sex, eGFR, urinary protein/creatinine ratio, diabetes. Model 4: adjusted with age, sex, eGFR, urinary protein/creatinine ratio, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.