Table 2.
Association between coping behaviors, incident CKD and rapid kidney function decline
| Analysis | OR (95% CI) of the Outcome per One-Point Increase in Coping Scale | |
|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Incident CKDa (n=1552; events=113) | ||
| Adaptiveb | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.00) | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.999) |
| Maladaptiveb | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) |
| Rapid kidney function declinea (n=1147; events=341) | ||
| Adaptive | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) |
| Maladaptive | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
Model 1: adaptive and maladaptive coping+adjustment for age, differential time to follow-up, sex, race, baseline eGFR, and poverty status.
Model 2: model 1+adjustment for baseline hypertension and diabetes status.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Incident CKD was defined as eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ≥25% decline at study visits 3 or 4 in relation to visit 1; rapid kidney function decline was defined as eGFR loss of >3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year.
Adaptive and maladaptive coping were analyzed as continuous variables reflecting the sum of constituent subscales. Adaptive coping ranged from 16 to 64, and maladaptive coping ranged from 12 to 48, with higher values reflecting higher self-reported use of the behaviors within that factor. Adaptive coping consisted of eight subscales: positive reinterpretation, active coping, humor, acceptance, planning, religious coping, use of instrumental support, and use of emotional support. Maladaptive coping consisted of six subscales: behavioral disengagement, self-distraction, focus on venting of emotions, self-blame, denial, and substance use.