Table 3.

Meta-analysis of gut microbiota of PSD at the family levels.

Gut microbiota	Number of studies	Participants	I2	P	Effect [95%CI]	z	P
Bacteroidaceae	4	289	88.0	<.001	−1.15 [−1.90, −0.39]	−2.985	.003
HC	1	71	0	NA	-0.13 [−0.70, 0.44]	−0.452	.651
nPSCI	3	218	75.0	.018	−1.47 [−2.06, −0.90]	−4.942	0
bifidobacteriaceae	4	289	85.0	<.001	−0.46 [−1.09, 0.17]	−1.445	.149
HC	1	71	0	NA	−0.53 [−1.36, 0.30]	−0.885	.376
nPSCI	3	218	89.6	<.001	−0.26 [−0.83, 0.31]	−1.245	.213
Enterobacteriaceae	4	289	97.0	<.001	2.91 [0.92, 4.90]	2.862	.004
HC	1	71	0	NA	0.23 [−0.34, 0.80]	0.788	.431
nPSCI	3	218	91.0	<.001	3.79 [2.34, 5.24]	5.131	0
Lachnospiraceae	4	289	38.3	.182	−0.57 [−0.81, −0.33]	−4.658	0
HC	1	71	0	NA	−0.29 [−0.87, 0.28]	−1.004	.315
nPSCI	3	218	47.3	.150	−0.63 [−0.89, −0.36]	−4.664	0
lactobacillaceae	3	242	97.8	<.001	0.63 [−1.22, 2.48]	0.672	.502
HC	1	71	0	NA	0.04 [−0.53, 0.61]	0.145	.884
nPSCI	2	171	98.5	<.001	0.84 [−1.79, 3.47]	0.627	.53
Prevotellaceae	4	289	97.5	<.001	1.47 [−0.47, 3.42]	1.483	.138
nPSCI	4	289	97.5	<.001	1.47 [−0.47, 3.42]	1.483	.138
Ruminococcaceae	4	289	68.7	.023	0.11 [−0.32, 0.54]	0.509	.611
HC	1	71	0	NA	−0.35 [−0.93, 0.23]	−1.195	.232
nPSCI	3	218	65.7	.054	0.24 [−0.20, 0.69]	1.074	.283
streptococcaceae	3	242	96.3	<.001	1.35 [−0.08, 2.78]	1.851	.064
HC	1	71	0	NA	0.25 [−0.33, 0.82]	0.85	.396
nPSCI	2	171	97.1	<.001	1.72 [−0.14, 3.58]	1.811	.07
Veillonellaceae	3	242	0	.470	−0.27 [−0.53, −0.01]	−2.047	.041
nPSCI	3	242	0	.470	−0.27 [−0.53, −0.01]	−2.047	.041

CI = confidence interval, HC = healthy control, NA = not available, nPSCI = non-PSCI, PSCI = post-stroke cognitive impairment.