Table 4.
Meta-analysis of gut microbiota of PSD at the genus levels.
| Gut microbiota | Number of studies | Participants | I2 | P | Effect [95%CI] | z | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akkermansia | 4 | 152 | 93.2 | <.001 | −0.28 [−1.66, 1.09] | −0.404 | .686 |
| HC | 2 | 63 | 91.5 | .001 | 0.00 [−1.84, 1.85] | 0.003 | .997 |
| nPSCI | 2 | 89 | 96.3 | <.001 | −0.56 [−3.23, 2.12] | −0.408 | .683 |
| Bacteroides | 9 | 463 | 96.3 | <.001 | 1.43 [0.25, 2.61] | 2.369 | .018 |
| HC | 3 | 112 | 95.9 | <.001 | 0.48 [−1.64, 2.60] | 0.444 | .657 |
| nPSCI | 6 | 351 | 96.8 | <.001 | 1.91 [0.38, 3.43] | 2.453 | .014 |
| Bifidobacterium | 8 | 407 | 96.6 | <.001 | −0.88 [−2.24, 0.48] | −1.266 | .206 |
| HC | 3 | 112 | 93.4 | <.001 | −1.16 [−2.85, 0.53] | −1.345 | .179 |
| nPSCI | 5 | 295 | 97.7 | <.001 | −0.70 [−2.80, 1.39] | −0.658 | .511 |
| Blautia | 5 | 183 | 94.1 | <.001 | −1.98 [−3.54, −0.42] | −2.482 | .013 |
| HC | 3 | 112 | 94.6 | <.001 | −1.75 [−3.81, 0.31] | −1.665 | .096 |
| nPSCI | 2 | 71 | 96.4 | <.001 | −2.33 [−5.80, 1.14] | −1.317 | .188 |
| Clostridium XIVa | 3 | 224 | 92.9 | <.001 | 1.12 [0.01, 2.24] | 1.973 | .048 |
| nPSCI | 3 | 224 | 92.9 | <.001 | 1.12 [0.01, 2.24] | 1.973 | .048 |
| Enterococcus | 3 | 135 | 98.8 | <.001 | −4.20 [−10.80, 2.40] | −1.247 | .212 |
| HC | 2 | 88 | 99.0 | <.001 | −2.31 [−10.09, 5.47] | −0.582 | .561 |
| nPSCI | 1 | 47 | 0 | NA | −8.03 [−9.78, −6.27] | −8.941 | 0 |
| Escherichia/Shigella | 8 | 416 | 94.9 | <.001 | −0.34 [−1.33, 0.66] | −0.666 | .505 |
| HC | 3 | 112 | 97.7 | <.001 | −2.36 [−5.83, 1.12] | −1.329 | .184 |
| nPSCI | 5 | 304 | 90.5 | <.001 | 0.58 [−0.23, 1.38] | 1.406 | .16 |
| Eubacterium | 5 | 183 | 96.9 | <.001 | 1.77 [−0.43, 3.98] | 1.573 | .116 |
| HC | 3 | 112 | 97.0 | <.001 | 0.80 [−1.87, 3.48] | 0.588 | .556 |
| nPSCI | 2 | 71 | 97.8 | <.001 | 3.30 [−2.19, 8.79] | 1.177 | .239 |
| Faecalibacterium | 8 | 424 | 97.8 | <.001 | 1.27 [−0.59, 3.12] | 1.34 | .18 |
| HC | 2 | 73 | 97.6 | <.001 | 1.27 [−2.61, 5.15] | 0.641 | .521 |
| nPSCI | 6 | 351 | 98.2 | <.001 | 1.27 [−1.07, 3.61] | 1.063 | .288 |
| Klebsiella | 5 | 320 | 98.3 | <.001 | −1.56 [−4.11, 0.99] | −1.2 | .23 |
| HC | 1 | 49 | 0 | NA | −6.94 [−8.45, −5.42] | −8.982 | 0 |
| nPSCI | 4 | 271 | 97.5 | <.001 | −6.94 [−8.45, −5.42] | −0.173 | .863 |
| Lachnoclostridium | 4 | 225 | 94.4 | <.001 | −0.28 [−1.42, 0.86] | −0.483 | .629 |
| HC | 1 | 49 | 0 | NA | −0.93 [−1.53, −0.33] | −3.029 | .002 |
| nPSCI | 3 | 176 | 95.0 | <.001 | −0.07 [−1.56, 1.43] | −0.087 | .93 |
| Parabacteroides | 3 | 187 | 4.9 | .350 | 2.30 [1.92, 2.69] | 11.71 | 0 |
| nPSCI | 3 | 187 | 4.9 | .350 | 2.30 [1.92, 2.69] | 11.71 | 0 |
| Prevotella | 4 | 280 | 98.4 | <.001 | −2.60 [−5.19, −0.01] | −1.965 | .049 |
| nPSCI | 4 | 280 | 98.4 | <.001 | −2.60 [−5.19, −0.01] | −1.965 | .049 |
| Roseburia | 3 | 224 | 93.4 | <.001 | 0.63 [−0.47, 1.73] | 1.117 | .264 |
| nPSCI | 3 | 224 | 93.4 | <.001 | 0.63 [−0.47, 1.73] | 1.117 | .264 |
| Ruminococcus | 6 | 359 | 98.2 | <.001 | −2.52 [−4.95, −0.09] | −2.034 | .042 |
| HC | 2 | 73 | 99.2 | <.001 | −1.07 [−11.61, 9.47] | −0.199 | .842 |
| nPSCI | 4 | 286 | 97.7 | <.001 | −3.21 [−5.54, −0.87] | −2.692 | .007 |
| Streptococcus | 7 | 342 | 96.5 | <.001 | −0.51 [−1.88, 0.85] | −0.737 | .461 |
| HC | 3 | 112 | 97.4 | <.001 | −0.66 [−3.65, 2.34] | −0.431 | .666 |
| nPSCI | 4 | 230 | 96.8 | <.001 | −0.42 [−2.11, 1.27] | −0.487 | .626 |
| Subdoligranulum | 5 | 183 | 96.6 | <.001 | 0.62 [−1.44, 2.68] | 0.589 | .556 |
| HC | 3 | 112 | 96.3 | <.001 | −0.81 [−3.21, 1.60] | 1.239 | .215 |
| nPSCI | 2 | 71 | 97.3 | <.001 | 2.83 [−1.65, 7.30] | −0.658 | .511 |
CI = confidence interval, HC = healthy control, NA = not available, nPSCI = non-PSCI, PSCI = post-stroke cognitive impairment.