Table 2.
Changes in SRP-related factors from baseline to 12 weeks posttreatment (intention-to-treat population)
| SRP | No SRP (tooth brushing) | SRP vs brushing | |||
| δ | 95% CIs | P value | |||
| (n = 20) | (n = 20) | for t test | |||
| Liver image | |||||
| CAP by VCTE (dB/m) | −35.7 ± 68.6 | −6.3 ± 27.2 | −29 | −62.8 to 4 | 0.04 |
| LSM by VCTE (kPa) | −0.8 ± 1.7 | −0.06 ± 0.9 | −0.8 | −1.7 to 0.1 | 0.04 |
| Liver fat content by MRI-PDFF (%) | −2.2 ± 2.9 | 0.08 ± 1.2 | −2.2 | −3.7 to −0.8 | 0.001 |
| Liver stiffness by MRE (kPa) | −0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.03 ± 0.3 | −0.3 | −0.5 to −0.1 | 0.001 |
| Blood endotoxin levels | |||||
| EAA (×10−2) | −0.04 ± 0.09 | 0.0003 ± 0.03 | −0.04 | −0.07 to −0.02 | 0.002 |
| Metabolic factors | |||||
| Weight (kg) | −0.05 ± 0.4 | −0.1 ± 0.9 | 0.82 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.02 ± 0.1 | −0.03 ± 0.3 | 0.85 | ||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | −3.9 ± 11 | −0.5 ± 11 | 0.35 | ||
| Insulin (μU/mL) | −1.8 ± 4 | −0.9 ± 4 | 0.51 | ||
| HOMA-IR | −0.7 ± 2 | −0.5 ± 2 | 0.77 | ||
| Liver function | |||||
| Platelet count | 0.2 ± 1.2 | −1.5 ± 4.2 | 0.08 | ||
| AST (U/L) | −9.6 ± 13 | 0.6 ± 4 | −10 | −16 to −4 | 0.0013 |
| ALT (U/L) | −12 ± 15 | 1 ± 8 | −12 | −20 to −5 | 0.002 |
| GGT (U/L) | −27 ± 53 | 1 ± 11 | −27 | −52 to −3 | 0.03 |
| ALP (U/L) | −8 ± 33 | 0 ± 10 | 0.32 | ||
| T.Bil (mg/dL) | 0 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.15 | ||
| Lipids | |||||
| Tcho (mg/dL) | −12.4 ± 19 | −0.8 ± 11 | −12 | −22 to −2 | 0.02 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | −8.2 ± 15 | 0.6 ± 6 | −9 | −16 to −1 | 0.02 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | −0.7 ± 7 | −1.2 ± 8 | 0.84 | ||
| TG (mg/dL) | −18 ± 34 | −1 ± 11 | −17 | −33 to −1 | 0.04 |
| Inflammation markers | |||||
| HsCRP (mg/L) | −0.01 ± 0.06 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.11 | ||
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | −35 ± 42 | 17 ± 63 | −52 | −86 to −18 | 0.004 |
| CK-18 M30 (U/L) | 11 ± 68 | 42 ± 88 | 0.21 | ||
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | −0.2 ± 2.2 | −0.05 ± 6.9 | 0.94 | ||
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | −0.3 ± 1 | −0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.51 | ||
| Fibrosis marker | |||||
| Type IV collagen 7S (ng/mL) | −0.06 ± 0.2 | 0.01 ± 0.2 | 0.26 | ||
| WFA-M2BPGi (C.O.I.) | −0.007 ± 1.3 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.5 | ||
| Renal function | |||||
| BUN (mg/dL) | −1.2 ± 2.9 | −0.3 ± 2.2 | 0.27 | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | −0.007 ± 0.05 | −0.01 ± 0.05 | 0.77 | ||
| eGFR | 0.2 ± 8.8 | 3.6 ± 17.3 | 0.44 | ||
| Periodontal assessment | |||||
| PPD | −0.4 ± 0.3 | −0.1 ± 0.3 | −0.3 | −0.5 to −0.1 | 0.002 |
| PPD ≧ 4 mm (%) | 18 ± 90 | 17 ± 85 | 0.64 | ||
| BOP | −20 ± 6 | −9 ± 6 | 0.22 | ||
| Oral bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis) (cell/mL) × 106 | −0.5 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | −0.6 | −1.3 to −0.003 | 0.049 |
| Antibody titer (Porphyromonas gingivalis) FDC381 | −1.6 ± 2.5 | −0.03 ± 0.3 | −1.6 | −2.7 to −0.4 | 0.0092 |
| Antibody titer (Porphyromonas gingivalis) SU63 | −1.7 ± 2.0 | 0.005 ± 0.6 | −1.7 | −2.7 to −0.7 | 0.0013 |
| IMT mean | −0.03 ± 0.08 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | −0.05 | 0.09 to −0.009 | 0.016 |
| IMT max | −0.03 ± 0.2 | 0.005 ± 0.07 | 0.42 | ||
| SF-8 quality of life questionnaire score | |||||
| Physical component | −0.09 ± 6.6 | 0.26 ± 2.1 | 0.82 | ||
| Mental component | 1.4 ± 3.0 | 0.1 ± 4.2 | 0.28 | ||
Data are reported as either mean ± SD or number (percentage).
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BOP, bleeding on probing; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; CI, confidence interval; CK-18, cytokeratin-18 fragment; EAA, endotoxin activity assay; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-C, HDL, cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; HsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; IMT, intima media thickness; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; MRE, magnetic resonance elastography; PDFF, proton density fat fraction; PPD, periodontal pocket depth; SF-8, Short Form-8; SRP, scaling and root planing; T.Bil, total bilirubin; Tcho, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VCTE, vibration-controlled transient elastography; WFA-M2BPGi, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2, binding protein glycosylation isomer.