Deadline for submission: 6 pm, 06 Sep 2023

Question	True	False
1. Central airway obstruction (CAO) is defined as ‘airflow limitation due to occlusion of trachea, main stem bronchus, bronchus intermedius or lobar bronchus’.
2. Benign CAO is more common than malignant CAO.
3. There is more than one classification of CAO.
4. Location, length, severity of stenosis and anatomical relation to adjacent structures are the key features to note for frontline management of CAO.
5. Patients with CAO may be wrongly treated for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
6. Presence of orthopnoea indicates severe airway stenosis.
7. Bilateral wheezing excludes CAO.
8. Chest X-ray abnormalities can prompt clinicians to consider CAO.
9. Patients with CAO should always be intubated and paralysed before computed tomography (CT) scan.
10. In managing patients with CAO, there is minimal cause for concern regarding haemodynamic stability if the airway is stabilised.
11. Patients with CAO should always be sent to the operating theatre for airway management.
12. A multidisciplinary team assessment and discussion on treatment should be initiated for patients with CAO, whose clinicians have anticipated difficulty with airway management.
13. Rigid bronchoscopy is the definitive method for securing the airway for patients with CAO.
14. High-risk CAO patients may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
15. Degradation of tissue specimen can occur during acute management of CAO patients.
16. Patients with superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) seen at primary care settings have to be referred to the emergency department.
17. Patients with SVCO without thrombosis require immediate relief of SVCO by vascular stenting or radiotherapy.
18. For CAO management, the goals are to relieve airway obstruction, alleviate symptoms and allow patients to receive further treatment.
19. Therapeutic bronchoscopy for malignant CAO can effect change in the level of care, for example, facilitate discharge of patients from the intensive care unit to the general ward.
20. For patients who receive cancer-specific therapy after relief of CAO, there is no evidence of increased survival.