Table 2.
Age-standardised incidence rates by sex and HbA1c category.
| Low-normal HbA1c |
Normal HbA1c |
Pre-diabetes |
Undiagnosed diabetes |
Diagnosed diabetes |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Rate/1000 PY (95% CI) | N | Rate/1000 PY (95% CI) | N | Rate/1000 PY (95% CI) | N | Rate/1000 PY (95% CI) | N | Rate/1000 PY (95% CI) | |
| Men | ||||||||||
| Any cardiovascular diseasea | 11,743 | 13.98 (13.79–14.25) | 13,990 | 16.49 (16.22–16.73) | 1441 | 21.83 (20.69–22.87) | 370 | 21.65 (19.43–23.76) | 3038 | 26.81 (25.85–27.87) |
| Coronary artery disease | 2538 | 2.64 (2.54–2.74) | 3518 | 3.62 (3.50–3.73) | 426 | 5.43 (4.93–5.99) | 130 | 6.39 (5.23–7.52) | 987 | 6.65 (6.18–7.14) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5504 | 6.19 (6.04–6.36) | 6589 | 6.75 (6.60–6.92) | 761 | 9.02 (8.36–9.66) | 190 | 9.09 (7.95–10.37) | 1691 | 11.24 (10.70–11.83) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 874 | 0.89 (0.83–0.96) | 938 | 0.93 (0.88–0.99) | 90 | 1.01 (0.78–1.24) | 23 | 1.04 (0.58–1.47) | 193 | 1.31 (1.10–1.51) |
| Pulmonary embolism | 1232 | 1.27 (1.19–1.33) | 1472 | 1.46 (1.38–1.54) | 170 | 2.08 (1.76–2.43) | 42 | 2.00 (1.44–2.62) | 281 | 1.96 (1.71–2.21) |
| Stroke | 1828 | 1.96 (1.87–2.06) | 2332 | 2.30 (2.20–2.39) | 263 | 2.94 (2.60–3.33) | 75 | 3.41 (2.71–4.25) | 685 | 4.40 (4.09–4.77) |
| Heart failure | 2204 | 2.40 (2.30–2.50) | 3187 | 3.12 (3.00–3.23) | 469 | 5.36 (4.90–5.92) | 132 | 6.12 (5.11–7.31) | 1283 | 8.18 (7.73–8.67) |
| Women | ||||||||||
| Any cardiovascular disease∗ | 7397 | 7.56 (7.37–7.73) | 10,653 | 8.66 (8.48–8.82) | 1154 | 13.00 (12.24–13.83) | 157 | 11.65 (9.97–13.58) | 1345 | 17.78 (16.82–18.75) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1004 | 0.96 (0.89–1.02) | 1696 | 1.28 (1.22–1.34) | 199 | 2.07 (1.74–2.40) | 30 | 1.88 (1.21–2.51) | 300 | 3.36 (2.95–3.80) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3144 | 3.26 (3.15–3.39) | 4421 | 3.30 (3.20–3.40) | 482 | 4.44 (4.03–4.85) | 64 | 4.05 (3.05–5.08) | 602 | 6.35 (5.85–6.89) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 622 | 0.56 (0.51–0.60) | 879 | 0.67 (0.62–0.71) | 90 | 0.91 (0.73–1.12) | 15 | 0.88 (0.47–1.33) | 92 | 1.05 (0.84–1.28) |
| Pulmonary embolism | 978 | 0.90 (0.83–0.96) | 1509 | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | 167 | 1.66 (1.35–1.97) | 20 | 1.19 (0.70–1.77) | 160 | 1.78 (1.47–2.11) |
| Stroke | 1290 | 1.27 (1.20–1.34) | 1859 | 1.39 (1.33–1.45) | 213 | 2.06 (1.77–2.42) | 28 | 1.85 (1.17–2.65) | 272 | 2.97 (2.60–3.33) |
| Heart failure | 1247 | 1.29 (1.21–1.36) | 1940 | 1.43 (1.36–1.49) | 325 | 3.06 (2.68–3.45) | 49 | 3.19 (2.27–4.10) | 511 | 5.48 (4.97–5.98) |
Notes: Categories were defined by baseline HbA1c levels as follows: low-normal (<35 mmol/mol or <5.5%), normal (35–41 mmol/mol or 5.5–5.9%), pre-diabetes (42–47 mmol/mol or 6.0–6.4%), undiagnosed diabetes (≥48 mmol/mol or ≥6.5%), or diagnosed diabetes.
a
A composite measure of all examined outcomes.