Table 4.
Demographic characteristics of each study population for the combined IV model
| Demographic characteristics | Co-amoxiclav and amoxicillin (n = 174) | Benzylpenicillin (n = 64) | Flucloxacillin (n = 72) | Piperacillin (n = 70) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 3.76 (0.58–70) | 2.83 (0.57–64.3) | 3.1 (0.585–67) | 10.9 (0.6–85) |
| PNA (weeks) | 7.21 (0.1–815.9) | 0.3 (0.1–685.1) | 6.714 (0.143–818.6) | 90.4 (0.7–795) |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 38.6 (22.86–41.86) | 37 (24–42.29) | 37 (23–41.43) | 40 (23–40) |
| PMA (weeks) | 41.9 (23.6–855.9) | 37.5 (24.1–725.1) | 41.6 (24.7–858.6) | 130 (24.7–835) |
| Female sex | 72 (41.4) | 28 (43.8) | 37 (51.4) | 32 (45.7) |
| ICU- or HDU-level care | 157 (90.2) | 56 (87.5) | 57 (79.2) | 63 (90) |
| Ventilation support or oxygen therapy | 121 (69.5) | 29 (45.3) | 39 (54.2) | 52 (74) |
| Renal impairment | 7 (4.0) | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) |
| Therapeutic hypothermia | 9 (5.1) | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Liver impairment | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) |
| Baseline creatinine (μmol/L) | 33 (2–102) | 56 (14–105) | 37 (11–81) | 31 (6–95) |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 3.3 (0.8–12.4) | 3.1 (1.4–16.4) | 3.5 (0.6–17) | 3.4 (0.9–14.5) |
| Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 26 (2–250) | 118 (6–302) | 16.5 (2–255) | 6.5 (2–114) |
| AST (IU/L) | 37 (12–4153) | 37 (18–144) | 27.5 (11–166) | 25 (12–384) |
| ALT (IU/L) | 19 (3–2212) | 16 (5–191) | 17 (5–131) | 22 (5–342) |
| ALP (IU/L) | 359 (47–2010) | 249 (92–735) | 320 (23–1196) | 278 (2–1121) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 28 (17–47) | 30 (15–38) | 29 (16–47) | 27.5 (12–45) |
| Haematocrit | 0.34 (0.21–0.66) | 0.48 (0.25–0.74) | 0.35 (0.25–0.64) | 0.30 (0.21–0.49) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 18.5 (0.1–281) | 16.55 (0.2–172.3) | 6.85 (1–146.4) | 57 (0.4–388.7) |
| Median IV dose (mg/kg/dose) | 25.2 (9.7–112) | 25.4 (20.8–59.4) | 25.1 (12.4–100) | 80 (47–125) |
| Total sample number | 409 | 147 | 185 | 222 |
Continuous data are presented as median (range) and categorical data are presented with the number of subjects (% of total). ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CRP, C-reactive protein. Only those study participants contributing PK samples are included.