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. 2023 Sep 4;9:331. doi: 10.1038/s41420-023-01630-8

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a KEGG enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes following CRTC3 knockout. The metabolic pathways, ferroptosis, and its related pathways were significantly enriched. b Heatmaps of gene hits in the ferroptosis gene set. ACSL5, SLC7A11, and GPx4 were upregulated, and LPCAT3 was downregulated following CRTC3 knockout. c GSEA revealed that ferroptosis and GSH metabolism gene sets were positively correlated with CRTC3 knockout. d MSEA of differentially abundant metabolites revealed significant enrichments in unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis pathways and ferroptosis-related pathways. e MSEA of differentially abundant lipids revealed significant enrichments in pathways of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. f Volcano plots for altered metabolites in negative ion modes and positive ion modes. A wide range of PUFAs were markedly increased following CRTC3 knockout.