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. 2023 Sep 4;10:578. doi: 10.1038/s41597-023-02467-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Experimental site and gradients for the traits and associated data sampling in High Arctic Svalbard. (a) Inset map and aerial photo showing the location of the study area on Svalbard and the location of the seabird nutrient input gradient (bird icon), reference gradient (R), and ITEX warming experiment (I) in relation to Longyearbyen. (b) Schematic illustration of the elevational distribution of sites (marked by their elevation) and nutrient influence (lighter area below the little auk colony) within the reference (R) and nutrient input (bird icon) gradient. (c) Schematic illustration of the relative topographic positions of the Dryas heath (DH), Cassiope heath (CH), and snowbed (SB) habitats, each represented by one Open Top Chamber, along a snowmelt gradient within the ITEX site (I), Note that the full ITEX site design includes five OTCs and five control plots (not shown) within each habitat.