Fig. 1. Study scheme.

The study included three periods—profiling, intervention and follow-up illustrated as a timeline (x-axis). Each row is a type of measurement processed from a specific time point (circles) or continuously (rectangles). Study defined primary outcomes are measures of glycemic response, secondary outcomes are blood tests and anthropometrics, and exploratory outcomes include oral and gut microbiome, serum metabolites and cytokines. Time above 140 daily time of blood glucose levels above 140 mg/dL, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test. Figure adjusted with permission from Ben-Yacov et al.¹⁵.