Table 3.
Patients with PD classified by autonomic symptoms.
| Gastrointestinal symptom | Urinary symptom | Cardiovascular symptom | Thermoregulatory symptom | Pupillomotor symptom | Sexual function symptom | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 156) | Yes (n = 558) | p value | No (n = 58) | Yes (n = 656) | p value | No (n = 463) | Yes (n = 251) | p value | No (n = 423) | Yes (n = 291) | p value | No (n = 592) | Yes (n = 122) | p value | No (n = 517) | Yes (n = 197) | p value | |
| Age, years | 62.02 [55.33, 67.00] | 66.00 [59.94, 70.04] | < 0.001 | 63.00 [58.99, 67.00] | 65.00 [59.00, 70.00] | 0.022 | 65.00 [59.00, 69.85] | 65.95 [59.29, 70.68] | 0.214 | 65.00 [59.00, 70.00] | 65.00 [59.00, 70.00] | 0.741 | 65.00 [59.37, 70.00] | 64.48 [56.80, 70.25] | 0.591 | 65.00 [59.00, 70.00] | 64.32 [58.88, 69.43] | 0.343 |
| Gender female, n (%) | 61 (39.10) | 215 (38.5) | 0.971 | 29 (50.0) | 247 (37.7) | 0.087 | 181 (39.1) | 95 (37.8) | 0.806 | 151 (35.7) | 125 (43.0) | 0.060 | 225 (38.0) | 51 (41.8) | 0.495 | 214 (41.4) | 62 (31.5) | 0.019 |
| Education, years | 14.00[11.00, 17.00] | 14.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 0.114 | 13.00 [10.00, 15.75] | 14.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 0.082 | 14.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 13.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 0.067 | 15.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 12.00 [11.00, 16.00] | < 0.001 | 14.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 14.00 [12.00, 16.00] | 0.029 | 12.00 [11.00, 16.00] | 16.00 [14.00, 18.00] | < 0.001 |
| Duration, years | 0.62 [0.26, 1.87] | 0.87 [0.29, 3.50] | 0.015 | 1.10 [0.45, 3.56] | 0.76 [0.28, 3.05] | 0.292 | 0.79 [0.29, 2.90] | 0.78 [0.28, 3.49] | 0.731 | 0.68 [0.26, 2.53] | 0.97 [0.29, 4.68] | 0.002 | 0.92 [0.30, 3.46] | 0.50 [0.23, 1.41] | 0.001 | 1.49 [0.33, 4.33] | 0.40 [0.23, 0.78] | < 0.001 |
| Age of onset, years | 59.38 [52.95,64.01] | 62.00 [56.00, 67.00] | 0.001 | 59.00 [55.00, 63.90] | 61.90 [55.33, 67.00] | 0.040 | 61.00 [55.20, 66.87] | 62.00 [54.94, 67.00] | 0.464 | 61.77 [55.78, 67.00] | 61.00 [54.49, 66.61] | 0.303 | 61.46 [55.72, 66.66] | 60.99 [53.96, 68.18] | 0.989 | 61.00 [55.00, 66.62] | 62.59 [56.29, 68.06] | 0.061 |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.077 | 0.282 | 0.013 | 0.077 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Stage 1 | 77 (49.36) | 161 (28.85) | 25 (43.10) | 213 (32.47) | 162 (34.99) | 76 (30.28) | 148 (34.99) | 90 (30.93) | 198 (33.45) | 40 (32.79) | 154 (29.79) | 84 (42.64) | ||||||
| Stage 1.5 | 19 (12.18) | 74 (13.27) | 12 (20.69) | 81 (12.35) | 62 (13.39) | 31 (12.35) | 44 (10.40) | 49 (16.84) | 86 (14.53) | 7 ( 5.74) | 92 (17.79) | 1 (0.51) | ||||||
| Stage 2 | 52 (33.33) | 263 (47.13) | 18 (31.03) | 297 (45.27) | 201 (43.41) | 114 (45.42) | 199 (47.04) | 116 (39.86) | 253 (42.74) | 62 (50.82) | 206 (39.85) | 109 (55.33) | ||||||
| Stage ≥ 2.5 | 8 (5.13) | 60 (10.75) | 3(5.17) | 65 (9.91) | 38 (8.21) | 30 (11.95) | 32 (7.57) | 46 (15.80) | 55 (9.29) | 13 (10.66) | 65 (12.57) | 3 (1.52) | ||||||
| MOCA score | 26.00 [25.00, 28.00] | 25.00 [24.00, 28.00] | 0.014 | 25.00 [24.00, 26.75] | 25.00 [25.00, 28.00] | 0.054 | 25.00 [24.50, 28.00] | 25.00 [24.50, 28.00] | 0.397 | 26.00 [25.00, 28.00] | 25.00 [24.00, 27.00] | < 0.001 | 25.00 [24.00, 28.00] | 27.00 [25.00, 29.00] | < 0.001 | 25.00 [24.00, 27.00] | 27.00 [26.00, 29.00] | < 0.001 |
| LED, mg/day | 96.95 (173.39) | 187.34 (263.84) | < 0.001 | 181.90 (209.29) | 166.32 (252.99) | 0.649 | 158.45 (241.30) | 184.44 (263.97) | 0.184 | 129.54 (209.41) | 222.90 (290.20) | < 0.001 | 184.53 (254.47) | 85.37 (206.64) | < 0.001 | 227.33 (266.28) | 10.79 (76.77) | < 0.001 |
| Depression, n (%) | 60 (38.46) | 290 (51.97) | 0.004 | 36 (62.07) | 314 (47.87) | 0.053 | 208 (45.93) | 142 (56.57) | 0.004 | 178 (42.08) | 172 (59.11) | < 0.001 | 307 (51.86) | 43 (35.25) | 0.001 | 317 (61.32) | 33 (16.75) | < 0.001 |
| EDS, n (%) | 10 ( 6.41) | 70 (12.54) | 0.045 | 2 (3.45) | 78 (11.89) | 0.082 | 43 (9.29) | 37 (14.74) | 0.037 | 40 (9.46) | 40 (13.75) | 0.096 | 62 (10.47) | 18 (14.75) | 0.227 | 43 (0.08) | 37 (19.28) | < 0.001 |
| pRBD, n (%) | 23 (14.74) | 169 (30.28) | < 0.001 | 7 (12.07) | 471 (71.80) | 0.012 | 107 (23.11) | 85 (33.86) | 0.003 | 100 (23.64) | 92 (31.62) | 0.023 | 307 (51.86) | 43 (35.25) | 0.001 | 110 (21.28) | 82 (42.62) | < 0.001 |
| MDS-UPDRS I score | 2.83 (2.53) | 4.66 (3.85) | < 0.001 | 2.05 (1.99) | 4.45 (3.73) | < 0.001 | 3.74 (3.09) | 5.22 (4.42) | < 0.001 | 3.74 (3.18) | 5.00 (4.20) | < 0.001 | 3.78 (3.24) | 6.57 (4.67) | < 0.001 | 3.51 (3.17) | 6.22 (4.17) | < 0.001 |
| MDS-UPDRS II score | 4.70 (3.75) | 8.30 (5.03) | < 0.001 | 4.86 (4.14) | 7.75 (5.01) | < 0.001 | 6.69 (4.38) | 9.02 (5.69) | < 0.001 | 6.49 (4.52) | 8.99 (5.29) | < 0.001 | 7.38 (4.86) | 8.16 (5.61) | 0.118 | 7.88 (5.14) | 6.55 (4.50) | 0.002 |
| MDS-UPDRS III score | 15.72 (8.04) | 18.03 (8.90) | 0.004 | 12.71 (8.53) | 17.95 (8.66) | < 0.001 | 17.04 (8.88) | 18.40 (8.51) | 0.048 | 17.87 (9.12) | 17.01 (8.21) | 0.200 | 17.05 (8.75) | 19.82 (8.52) | 0.001 | 16.26 (8.50) | 20.82 (8.61) | < 0.001 |
| MDS-UPDRS IV score | 0.32 (0.80) | 0.66 (1.38) | 0.004 | 0.55 (0.86) | 0.59 (1.32) | 0.835 | 0.48 (1.04) | 0.78 (1.63) | 0.003 | 0.35 (0.89) | 0.92 (1.65) | < 0.001 | 0.59 (1.19) | 0.54 (1.69) | 0.675 | 0.77 (1.33) | 0.09 (1.01) | < 0.001 |
| Subtypes, n (%) | 0.045 | 0.585 | 0.044 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Indeterminate | 16 (10.26) | 58 (10.39) | 8 (13.80) | 66 (10.06) | 39 (8.42) | 35 (13.94) | 33 ( 7.81) | 41 (14.09) | 51 (8.61) | 23 (18.86) | 48 (9.28) | 26 (13.20) | ||||||
| PIGD | 52 (33.33) | 245 (43.91) | 25 (43.10) | 272 (41.46) | 191 (41.25) | 106 (42.23) | 135 (31.91) | 162 (55.67) | 251 (42.40) | 46 (37.70) | 261 (50.48) | 36 (18.27) | ||||||
| TD | 88 (56.41) | 255 (45.70) | 25 (43.10) | 318 (48.48) | 233 (50.33) | 110 (43.83) | 255 (60.28) | 88 (30.24) | 290 (48.99) | 53 (43.44) | 208 (40.24) | 135 (68.53) | ||||||
Abbreviations: PD Parkinson’s disease, MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment. All values expressed as mean (standard deviation), frequency (%), or median [interquartile range], MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, LED levodopa equivalent dose, EDS excessive daytime sleepiness, pRBD probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, PIGD postural instability and gait disturbance, TD tremor dominant. All values expressed as mean (standard deviation), frequency (%), or median [interquartile range].