Table 1.
Study population. Patient demographics, past medical history, CCTA findings and clinical outcomes.
| Overall | NHA | NHB | Hispanic | NHW | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, % | 364 | 14 (3.8) | 76 (20.9) | 217 (59.6) | 21 (5.8) | |
| Age (years) | 56.00 [48.00, 63.00] | 49.00 [42.00, 53.25] | 57.00 [46.75, 62.00] | 57.00 [48.00, 64.00] | 63.00 [59.00, 66.00] | <0.001 |
| Male sex (n, %) | 133 (36.5) | 7 (50.0) | 19 (25.0) | 77 (35.5) | 9 (42.9) | 0.153 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.80 [26.27, 33.04] | 24.85 [23.28, 27.79] | 31.00 [27.43, 34.13] | 29.95 [26.45, 33.07] | 27.98 [25.85, 31.70] | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 57 (16.2) | 2 (16.7) | 10 (13.3) | 36 (17.1) | 4 (20.0) | 0.856 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 166 (47.3) | 3 (25.0) | 44 (58.7) | 94 (44.5) | 16 (80.0) | 0.002 |
| Hyperlipidemia (n, %) | 139 (39.6) | 6 (50.0) | 29 (38.7) | 84 (39.8) | 12 (60.0) | 0.300 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 0.238 | |||||
| Never | 250 (69.3) | 12 (85.7) | 57 (76.0) | 147 (68.1) | 12 (57.1) | |
| Past | 48 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (12.0) | 29 (13.4) | 2 (9.5) | |
| Present | 63 (17.5) | 2 (14.3) | 9 (12.0) | 40 (18.5) | 7 (33.3) | |
| CAC (AU) | 0.00 [0.00, 32.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 11.25] | 0.00 [0.00, 10.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 32.00] | 56.00 [13.00, 229.00] | <0.001 |
| CAD-RADS (value) | 0.00 [0.00, 1.00] | 0.50 [0.00, 1.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 1.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 1.00] | 2.00 [1.00, 2.00] | <0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.00 [159.50, 216.00] | 207.00 [170.00, 225.00] | 175.00 [151.50, 211.00] | 183.00 [161.50, 212.50] | 193.00 [174.00, 213.00] | 0.34 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 105.00 [82.00, 132.25] | 114.00 [98.00, 150.00] | 106.00 [80.00, 127.00] | 102.00 [82.00, 128.50] | 104.00 [92.00, 146.00] | 0.60 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 49.00 [41.00, 59.00] | 44.00 [39.00, 52.00] | 53.00 [45.50, 63.50] | 49.00 [41.00, 57.00] | 54.00 [42.00, 63.00] | 0.039 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.80 [0.72, 0.95] | 0.79 [0.72, 0.88] | 0.84 [0.77, 1.02] | 0.79 [0.70, 0.91] | 0.81 [0.67, 0.98] | 0.013 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.60 [5.30, 6.10] | 5.40 [5.25, 6.20] | 5.60 [5.20, 6.10] | 5.60 [5.40, 6.10] | 5.50 [5.30, 6.20] | 0.779 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (nmol/L) | 64.50 [18.75, 150.25] | 22.50 [16.25, 62.00] | 120.50 [62.75, 201.00] | 52.00 [16.00, 122.00] | 31.00 [11.00, 158.00] | <0.001 |
| Statin use at baseline (%) | 128 (36.3) | 6 (46.2) | 29 (38.7) | 77 (36.5) | 8 (38.1) | 0.907 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.93 [115.46, 134.00] | 115.52 [111.09, 122.57] | 130.73 [122.82, 139.09] | 121.80 [115.06, 132.61] | 130.50 [119.07, 143.89] | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.27 [70.39, 80.69] | 72.46 [69.23, 78.65] | 77.50 [73.23, 82.85] | 74.74 [69.97, 79.61] | 75.75 [70.32, 79.48] | 0.013 |
| NCP burden (%) | 0.00 [0.00, 38.88] | 17.80 [0.00, 48.16] | 0.00 [0.00, 30.10] | 0.00 [0.00, 38.45] | 43.78 [26.02, 49.99] | <0.001 |
| CP burden (%) | 0.00 [0.00, 1.51] | 0.07 [0.00, 2.29] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.15] | 0.00 [0.00, 1.60] | 1.16 [0.44, 4.60] | <0.001 |
| Total plaque burden (%) | 0.00 [0.00, 41.24] | 17.88 [0.00, 50.34] | 0.00 [0.00, 31.27] | 0.00 [0.00, 40.50] | 48.83 [26.29, 54.63] | <0.001 |
| LAP burden (%) | 0.00 [0.00, 5.13] | 2.71 [0.00, 6.39] | 0.00 [0.00, 2.78] | 0.00 [0.00, 5.17] | 5.38 [1.15, 8.11] | 0.002 |
| Total CP vol (mm3) | 0.00 [0.00, 9.43] | 0.36 [0.00, 9.31] | 0.00 [0.00, 2.32] | 0.00 [0.00, 10.49] | 13.39 [2.79, 77.94] | <0.001 |
| Total NCP vol (mm3) | 0.00 [0.00, 275.16] | 36.98 [0.00, 190.17] | 0.00 [0.00, 180.48] | 0.00 [0.00, 277.67] | 374.62 [164.88, 514.92] | <0.001 |
| Total LAP vol (mm3) | 0.00 [0.00, 38.56] | 10.58 [0.00, 30.84] | 0.00 [0.00, 15.05] | 0.00 [0.00, 38.14] | 51.31 [7.52, 75.92] | 0.002 |
| Total plaque vol (mm3) | 0.00 [0.00, 294.50] | 38.86 [0.00, 194.47] | 0.00 [0.00, 180.74] | 0.00 [0.00, 296.48] | 386.16 [175.10, 590.23] | <0.001 |
| EAT (mL) | 88.00 [63.00, 117.00] | 59.50 [50.50, 100.50] | 65.50 [53.00, 87.50] | 94.00 [71.50, 124.00] | 124.00 [97.00, 134.00] | <0.001 |
| LAD (HU) | -80.00 [-86.07, -74.88] | -84.83 [-89.83, -78.55] | -77.06 [-82.44, -72.53] | -80.99 [-86.61, -75.64] | -82.10 [-90.64, -77.11] | 0.008 |
| LCX (HU) | -77.44 [-82.87, -71.90] | -82.96 [-90.46, -78.03] | -75.44 [-80.44, -67.96] | -77.78 [-83.02, -72.72] | -78.98 [-83.16, -74.27] | 0.015 |
| RCA (HU) | -79.57 [-87.06, -72.50] | -83.62 [-88.10, -76.57] | -74.81 [-85.25, -68.94] | -80.53 [-87.12, -73.06] | -82.42 [-87.44, -76.80] | 0.071 |
| 10- year ASCVD risk (%) | 5.00 [2.00, 10.94] | 2.00 [1.20, 4.46] | 5.33 [2.52, 11.50] | 4.70 [1.67, 10.11] | 11.00 [6.58, 18.62] | 0.007 |
| LAP≥4% (n, %) | 111 (30.5) | 7 (50.0) | 13 (17.1) | 70 (32.3) | 11 (52.4) | 0.003 |
| RCA PCAT ≥-70.5HU (n, %) | 65 (17.9) | 3 (21.4) | 19 (25.0) | 33 (15.2) | 2 (9.5) | 0.18 |
| LAP≥4%+RCAPCAT≥-70.5HU (n,%) | 14 (3.8) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (3.9) | 5 (2.3) | 1 (4.8) | 0.11 |
| No stenosis (n,%) | 186 (51.1) | 7 (50.0) | 42 (55.3) | 110 (50.7) | 3 (14.3) | 0.003 |
| Non-obstructive stenosis (n,%) | 152 (41.8) | 5 (35.7) | 31 (40.8) | 92 (42.4) | 13 (61.9) | |
| Borderline stenosis (n,%) | 18 (4.9) | 1 (7.1) | 2 (2.6) | 10 (4.6) | 5 (23.8) | |
| Obstructive stenosis (n,%) | 8 (2.2) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (1.3) | 5 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Invasive coronary angiogram (n,%) | 15 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 10 (4.6) | 3 (14.3) | 0.058 |
| Revascularization(n,%) | 0.04 | |||||
| PCI (n,%) | 11 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 7 (3.7) | 2 (12.5) | |
| CABG (n,%) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (4.8) | |
| MI (n,%) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (4.8) | 0.086 |
| CV death (n,%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Death (n,%) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.913 |
BMI: Body mass index, CAC: coronary artery calcium, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HLD-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, SBP: average systolic blood pressure, DBP: average diastolic blood pressure, NCP: non-calcified plaque, NHA= non-Hispanic Asian, NHB= non-Hispanic Black, NHW=non-Hispanic White, CP: calcified plaque, LAP: low-attenuation plaque, EAT: epicardial adipose tissue, ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk by pooled cohort equations.